UPedro Cantalejo, intloko yomqolomba wase-Ardales Andalusian, ujonge imizobo yomqolomba waseNeanderthal emqolombeni.Ifoto: (AFP)
Oku kufunyanwa kuyothusa kuba abantu bacinga ukuba iiNeanderthals zezamandulo kwaye zikhohlakele, kodwa ukuzoba imiqolomba kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-60,000 eyadlulayo yayiyinto emangalisayo kubo.
Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba xa abantu banamhlanje bengahlali kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, iiNeanderthal zazizoba ama-stalagmites eYurophu.
Oku kufunyanwa kuyothusa kuba iiNeanderthals zithathwa ngokuba zilula kwaye zinoburhalarhume, kodwa ukuzoba imiqolomba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60,000 eyadlulayo yayiyinto engakholelekiyo kubo.
Imizobo yomqolomba efunyenwe kwimiqolomba emithathu eSpain yenziwa phakathi kwe-43,000 kunye ne-65,000 yeminyaka eyadlulayo, iminyaka engama-20,000 ngaphambi kokuba abantu banamhlanje bafike eYurophu.Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ubugcisa baqanjwa ngamaNeanderthals malunga neminyaka engama-65,000 eyadlulayo.
Noko ke, ngokutsho kukaFrancesco d’Errico, umbhali oliqabane wephepha elitsha lephephancwadi iPNAS, oku kufunyanisiweyo kuyaphikisana, “inqaku lenzululwazi lithi ezi pigments zisenokuba zizinto zendalo” yaye zibangelwa kukuhamba kweiron oxide..
Uhlalutyo olutsha lubonisa ukuba ukubunjwa kunye nokuma kwepeyinti akuhambelani neenkqubo zendalo.Kunoko, ipeyinti isetyenziswe ngokutshiza kunye nokuvuthela.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukuthungwa kwabo akuhambelani neesampuli zendalo ezithathwe emqolombeni, obonisa ukuba i-pigment ivela kumthombo wangaphandle.
Ukuthandana okuneenkcukacha ezininzi kubonisa ukuba ezi pigments zazisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngexesha, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10,000 yokwahlukana.
Ngokutsho kuka-d’Errico weYunivesithi yaseBordeaux, oku “kuxhasa ingcamango yokuba iiNeanderthals ziye zeza apha izihlandlo ezininzi kumawaka eminyaka ukuza kuphawula imiqolomba ngepeyinti.”
Kunzima ukuthelekisa "ubugcisa" beeNeanderthals kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo eyenziwe ngabantu banamhlanje.Ngokomzekelo, i-frescoes efunyenwe kwimiqolomba yaseChauvie-Pondac eFransi ineminyaka engaphezu kwama-30,000 ubudala.
Kodwa oku kufunyenweyo kutsha kongeza ubungqina obuninzi nangakumbi bokuba umnombo weNeanderthal waphela malunga neminyaka engama-40,000 eyadlulayo, kwaye yayingezozalamane ezikrwada zeHomo sapiens ekudala zichazwa njengeHomo sapiens.
Iqela labhala ukuba ezi peyinti “azibobugcisa” ngendlela emxinwa, “kodwa zisisiphumo sezenzo zegraphic ezijolise ekukhuthazeni intsingiselo yokomfuziselo yendawo.”
Isakhiwo somqolomba "sidlale indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yesimboli yezinye iindawo zaseNeanderthal", nangona intsingiselo yale miqondiso iseyimfihlakalo.