Ngokutsho kwe-SmarTech, inkampani yokubonisana ngetekhnoloji yokuvelisa, i-aerospace lishishini lesibini ngobukhulu elinikezelwa yimveliso eyongezelelweyo (AM), eyesibini kuphela kwezamayeza.Nangona kunjalo, kusekho ukunqongophala kolwazi malunga nokuveliswa okongeziweyo kwezixhobo ze-ceramic kwimveliso ekhawulezileyo yezixhobo ze-aerospace, ukunyuka kokuguquguquka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.I-AM inokuvelisa amacandelo e-ceramic anamandla kwaye alula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa ngokuzinzileyo iindleko zabasebenzi, ukunciphisa indibano yezandla, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza ngoyilo oluphuhliswe ngomzekelo, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa ubunzima benqwelomoya.Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa i-ceramic eyongezelelweyo ibonelela ngolawulo olulinganayo lwamalungu agqityiweyo kwiimpawu ezincinci kune-100 microns.
Nangona kunjalo, igama le-ceramic linokuthi lifake ingcamango ephosakeleyo yokuba brittleness.Ngapha koko, ii-ceramics ezenziweyo zivelisa ukukhanya, iindawo ezicolekileyo ezinamandla amakhulu okwakheka, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhathisa kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu.Iinkampani ezijonge phambili ziguqukela kumacandelo okwenziwa kwe-ceramic, kubandakanywa imilomo kunye neepropela, izithinteli zombane kunye neebhleyidi zomoya.
Ngokomzekelo, i-alumina ephezulu yococeko inobunzima obuphezulu, kwaye inokumelana ne-corrosion eyomeleleyo kunye noluhlu lobushushu.Izinto ezenziwe nge-alumina zikwakhusela ngombane kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu aqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo ze-aerospace.
I-ceramics esekelwe kwi-Zirconia inokuhlangabezana nezicelo ezininzi kunye neemfuneko eziphathekayo ezigqithiseleyo kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lomatshini, njengokubunjwa kwentsimbi ephezulu, iivalve kunye neebheringi.Iiseramics ze-silicon nitride zinamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal, kunye nokuxhathisa okulungileyo kweekhemikhali ku-corrosion yeentlobo ze-asidi, i-alkali kunye nesinyithi esityhidiweyo.I-Silicon nitride isetyenziselwa i-insulators, i-impellers, kunye ne-high-temperature low-dielectric antennas.
Iiseramics ezidibeneyo zibonelela ngeempawu ezininzi ezinqwenelekayo.Iiseramics ezisekelwe kwi-silicon eyongezwe nge-alumina kunye ne-zircon zibonakalise ukuba ziqhuba kakuhle ekwenzeni i-crystal castings enye yee-blades ze-turbine.Oku kungenxa yokuba i-ceramic core eyenziwe yesi sixhobo inokwandiswa kwe-thermal ephantsi kakhulu ukuya kwi-1,500 ° C, i-porosity ephezulu, umgangatho obalaseleyo womphezulu kunye nokuvuza okulungileyo.Ukuprintwa kwezi core kunokuvelisa uyilo lwe-iturbine enokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-injini.
Kuyaziwa ukuba ukubunjwa kwenaliti okanye ukwenziwa kwe-ceramics kunzima kakhulu, kwaye umatshini kubonelela ukufikelela okulinganiselweyo kumacandelo enziwayo.Iimpawu ezinje ngeendonga ezibhityileyo zikwanzima ukwenza umatshini.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Lithoz isebenzisa i-lithography-based ceramic production (LCM) ukwenza izinto ezichanekileyo, ezinokwakheka kwe-3D ze-ceramic.
Ukuqala kwimodeli ye-CAD, iinkcukacha ezicacileyo zikhutshelwa ngokwedijithali kumshicileli we-3D.Emva koko sebenzisa umgubo we-ceramic owenziwe ngokuchanekileyo phezulu kwi-vat esobala.Iqonga lokwakha elishukumayo lintywiliselwa eludakeni kwaye emva koko livezwe ngokukhethiweyo ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo okuvela ngaphantsi.Umfanekiso womaleko uveliswa sisixhobo se-digital micro-mirror (DMD) sidityaniswa nenkqubo yokubonisa.Ngokuphinda le nkqubo, inxalenye eluhlaza ene-dimensional emithathu inokuveliswa umaleko ngongqimba.Emva kokunyanga kwe-thermal post-treatment, i-binder iyasuswa kwaye iindawo eziluhlaza zihlanganiswe-zidibene nenkqubo yokufudumeza ekhethekileyo-ukuvelisa inxalenye ye-ceramic exineneyo ngokupheleleyo kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zomatshini kunye nomgangatho ophezulu.
Itekhnoloji ye-LCM ibonelela ngenkqubo entsha, engabiziyo kwaye ekhawulezayo yotyalo-mali lwenxalenye ye-injini yomoya-ugqitha ukuveliswa komngundo obizayo nosebenza nzima ofunekayo ekubumbeni inaliti kunye nokulahleka kwewax.
I-LCM inokuphinda ifezekise uyilo olungenakuphunyezwa ngezinye iindlela, ngelixa isebenzisa izixhobo eziluhlaza ezimbalwa kunezinye iindlela.
Nangona amandla amakhulu ezinto ze-ceramic kunye neteknoloji ye-LCM, kusekho umsantsa phakathi kwabavelisi bezixhobo zokuqala ze-AM (i-OEM) kunye nabayili be-aerospace.
Esinye isizathu sisenokuba kukuchasa iindlela ezintsha zokuvelisa kumashishini aneemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko kunye nomgangatho.Ukwenziwa kweAerospace kufuna iinkqubo ezininzi zokuqinisekisa kunye nesiqinisekiso, kunye novavanyo olucokisekileyo nolungqongqo.
Omnye umqobo ubandakanya inkolelo yokuba ushicilelo lwe-3D lufanelekile kuphela kwiprototyping yexesha elinye elikhawulezayo, kunokuba nantoni na enokuthi isetyenziswe emoyeni.Kwakhona, oku kukungaqondi, kwaye i-3D eprintiweyo ye-ceramic amacandelo abonakaliswe ukuba asetyenziswe kwimveliso yobuninzi.
Umzekelo kukwenziwa kweeblade ze-injini yomoya, apho inkqubo ye-ceramic ye-AM ivelisa ii-cores ze-crystal (SX) enye, kunye ne-directional solidification (DS) kunye ne-equiaxed casting (EX) ii-superalloy turbine blades.Iinqununu ezinezakhiwo zesebe eziyinkimbinkimbi, iindonga ezininzi kunye nemida elandelwayo engaphantsi kwe-200μm inokuveliswa ngokukhawuleza kunye noqoqosho, kwaye amacandelo okugqibela anokuchaneka kwe-dimensional ehambelanayo kunye nokugqiba okuphezulu.
Ukuphucula unxibelelwano kunokuhlanganisa abaqulunqi be-aerospace kunye nee-AM OEMs kwaye bathembe ngokupheleleyo amacandelo e-ceramic eyenziwe kusetyenziswa i-LCM kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe.Itekhnoloji kunye nobuchule bukhona.Kufuneka itshintshe indlela yokucinga ukusuka kwi-AM ye-R&D kunye ne-prototyping, kwaye ibone njengendlela eya phambili kwizicelo zorhwebo ezinkulu.
Ukongeza kwimfundo, iinkampani ze-aerospace zinokutyala ixesha kubasebenzi, ubunjineli kunye novavanyo.Abavelisi kufuneka baqhelane nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokuvavanya iiseramics, hayi isinyithi.Ngokomzekelo, imigangatho emibini engundoqo ye-ASTM ye-ASTM ye-ASTM yesakhiwo yi-ASTM C1161 yokuvavanya amandla kunye ne-ASTM C1421 yokuvavanya ubunzima.Le migangatho isebenza kwiiseramics eziveliswa ngazo zonke iindlela.Kwimveliso yokongeza i-ceramic, inyathelo lokushicilela yindlela nje yokubumba, kwaye iinxalenye zihamba ngohlobo olufanayo lwe-sintering njenge-ceramics zendabuko.Ngoko ke, i-microstructure yamacandelo e-ceramic iya kufana kakhulu nomatshini oqhelekileyo.
Ngokusekwe kwinkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yezinto kunye nobuchwepheshe, sinokuthi ngokuzithemba ukuba abaqulunqi baya kufumana idatha eninzi.Izixhobo ezitsha zeceramic ziya kuphuhliswa kwaye zenziwe ngokweemfuno ezithile zobunjineli.Amacandelo enziwe ngeeseramikhi ze-AM ziya kugqiba inkqubo yoqinisekiso lokusetyenziswa kwi-aerospace.Kwaye iya kubonelela ngezixhobo zoyilo ezingcono, ezinje ngesoftware ephuculweyo yemodeli.
Ngokusebenzisana neengcali zobugcisa ze-LCM, iinkampani ze-aerospace zinokuzisa iinkqubo ze-ceramic ze-AM ngaphakathi-ukunciphisa ixesha, ukunciphisa iindleko, nokudala amathuba okuphuhliswa kwepropathi yengqondo yenkampani.Ngokubona kwangaphambili kunye nokucwangciswa kwexesha elide, iinkampani ze-aerospace ezenza utyalo-mali kwitekhnoloji ye-ceramic zinokufumana inzuzo enkulu kwipotifoliyo yazo yonke yemveliso kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo nangaphezulu.
Ngokuseka ubambiswano kunye neeCeramics ze-AM, abavelisi bezixhobo zokuqala ze-aerospace baya kuvelisa amacandelo awayengenakucingelwa ngaphambili.
About the author: Shawn Allan is the vice president of additive manufacturing expert Lithoz. You can contact him at sallan@lithoz-america.com.
UShawn Allan uza kuthetha ngobunzima bokunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo ngezinto eziluncedo zokwenza izongezo zeceramic kuMboniso weCeramics eCleveland, eOhio nge-1 kaSeptemba 2021.
Nangona uphuhliso lweenkqubo zokubhabha ze-hypersonic zikhona amashumi eminyaka, ngoku sele ibe yinto ephambili yokukhusela ilizwe lase-US, ukuzisa le ntsimi kwimeko yokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye noshintsho.Njengenkalo ekhethekileyo yeenkalo ezininzi, umceli mngeni kukufumana iingcali ezinezakhono eziyimfuneko ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwayo.Nangona kunjalo, xa kungekho zingcaphephe zaneleyo, idala umsantsa wokusungula izinto ezintsha, ezinjengokubeka uyilo lokwenziwa kwezinto (DFM) kuqala kwisigaba se-R&D, kwaye emva koko ujike ube ngumsantsa wokwenziwa kwemveliso xa sele kusemva kwexesha ukwenza utshintsho olungabizi kakhulu .
Iimanyano, ezifana ne-University Alliance esanda kusekwa ye-Applied Hypersonics (UCAH), ibonelela ngendawo ebalulekileyo yokuhlakulela iitalente ezifunekayo ukuqhubela phambili intsimi.Abafundi banokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo nabaphandi baseyunivesithi kunye neengcali zeshishini ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji kunye nokuqhubela phambili uphando olubalulekileyo lwe-hypersonic.
Nangona i-UCAH kunye nezinye i-consortia zokhuselo zigunyazise amalungu ukuba ahlanganyele kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yobunjineli, umsebenzi omningi kufuneka wenziwe ukuhlakulela iitalente ezahlukeneyo kunye namava, ukusuka kuyilo ukuya kuphuhliso lwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokukhethwa kwiindibano zocweyo zokuvelisa.
Ukuze kubonelelwe ngexabiso elihlala lihleli kweli candelo, umfelandawonye weyunivesithi kufuneka wenze uphuhliso lwabasebenzi lube yinto ephambili ngokulungelelanisa neemfuno zeshishini, kubandakanywa amalungu kuphando olululo lweshishini, kunye nokutyala imali kwinkqubo.
Xa uguqula itekhnoloji ye-hypersonic ibe ziiprojekthi ezinkulu ezinokuvezwa, ubunjineli obukhoyo kunye nesakhono sokwenza umsebenzi ngowona mceli mngeni mkhulu.Ukuba uphando lwangaphambili alunqumli le ntlambo yokufa ngokufanelekileyo-umsantsa phakathi kwe-R&D kunye nokuveliswa, kunye neeprojekthi ezininzi zamabhongo ziye zasilela-ke siphulukene nesisombululo esisebenzayo nesinokwenzeka.
Ishishini lemveliso yase-US inokukhawulezisa isantya esiphezulu, kodwa umngcipheko wokubuyela emva kukwandisa ubungakanani babasebenzi ukuze bahambelane.Ke ngoko, urhulumente kunye nemanyano yophuhliso lweyunivesithi kufuneka basebenzisane nabavelisi ukwenza ezi zicwangciso zisebenze.
Ishishini lifumene izikhewu zezakhono ukusuka kwiindibano zocweyo zokuvelisa ukuya kwiilebhu zobunjineli-ezi zithuba ziya kwanda kuphela njengoko imarike ye-hypersonic ikhula.Itekhnoloji ekhulayo ifuna abasebenzi abasakhulayo ukuze bandise ulwazi kwintsimi.
Umsebenzi we-Hypersonic uthatha iindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo kunye nezakhiwo, kwaye indawo nganye ineseti yayo yemingeni yobugcisa.Bafuna inqanaba eliphezulu lolwazi oluneenkcukacha, kwaye ukuba ubungcali obufunekayo abukho, oku kunokudala imiqobo kuphuhliso kunye nemveliso.Ukuba asinabo abantu abaneleyo bokugcina umsebenzi, kuya kuba nzima ukuqhubeka nemfuno yokuvelisa ngesantya esiphezulu.
Umzekelo, sifuna abantu abanokwakha imveliso yokugqibela.I-UCAH kunye nezinye i-consortia zibalulekile ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwezinto zanamhlanje kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi abanomdla kwindima yokuvelisa bayabandakanywa.Ngokusebenzisa iinzame zophuhliso lwabasebenzi abazinikeleyo, ishishini liya kuba nakho ukugcina inzuzo yokhuphiswano kwizicwangciso zenqwelomoya ze-hypersonic kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
Ngokuseka i-UCAH, iSebe lezoKhuselo lidala ithuba lokwamkela indlela egxininise ngakumbi yokwakha ubunakho kule ndawo.Onke amalungu omfelandawonye kufuneka asebenzisane ekuqeqesheni izakhono zabafundi ukuze sikwazi ukwakha nokugcina amandla ophando kwaye sandise ukuvelisa iziphumo ezifunwa lilizwe lethu.
I-NASA Advanced Composites Alliance evaliweyo ngoku ngumzekelo wemigudu eyimpumelelo yophuhliso lwabasebenzi.Ukusebenza kwayo kusisiphumo sokudibanisa umsebenzi we-R&D kunye nezinto ezinomdla kushishino, okuvumela ukuqaliswa kokutsha ukuba kwandiswe kuyo yonke i-ecosystem yophuhliso.Iinkokeli zeshishini zisebenze ngokuthe ngqo neNASA kunye neeyunivesithi kwiiprojekthi iminyaka emibini ukuya kwemine.Onke amalungu aphuhlise ulwazi lobuchwephesha kunye namava, afunda ukusebenzisana kwindawo engakhuphisaniyo, kwaye akhulise abafundi beekholeji ukuba baphuhlise ukukhulisa abadlali abaphambili beshishini kwixesha elizayo.
Olu hlobo lophuhliso lwabasebenzi luzalisa izikhewu kwishishini kwaye lubonelela ngamathuba kumashishini amancinci ukuba ahlaziye ngokukhawuleza kwaye ahluke kwintsimi ukuze afezekise ukukhula okuqhubekayo kukhuseleko lwelizwe lase-US kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko loqoqosho.
Izivumelwano zeYunivesithi ezibandakanya i-UCAH ziyimpahla ebalulekileyo kwintsimi ye-hypersonic kunye neshishini lokukhusela.Nangona uphando lwabo lukhuthaze izinto ezintsha ezisakhulayo, elona xabiso lazo lisekukwazini kwabo ukuqeqesha isizukulwana sethu esilandelayo sabasebenzi.Ikhonsortium ngoku kufuneka ibeke phambili utyalo-mali kwezo zicwangciso.Ngokwenza njalo, banokunceda ukukhuthaza impumelelo yexesha elide ye-hypersonic innovation.
About the author: Kim Caldwell leads Spirit AeroSystems’ R&D program as a senior manager of portfolio strategy and collaborative R&D. In her role, Caldwell also manages relationships with defense and government organizations, universities, and original equipment manufacturers to further develop strategic initiatives to develop technologies that drive growth. You can contact her at kimberly.a.caldwell@spiritaero.com.
Abavelisi beemveliso ezintsonkothileyo, ezinobunjineli obuphezulu (ezinje ngezixhobo zenqwelomoya) bazibophelele kwimfezeko ngalo lonke ixesha.Akukho ndawo yokwenza.
Ngenxa yokuba ukuveliswa kweenqwelo-moya kuntsonkothe ​​gqitha, abavelisi bamele bayilawule ngenyameko inkqubo yomgangatho, benikela ingqalelo enkulu kwinyathelo ngalinye.Oku kufuna ukuqonda okunzulu malunga nendlela yokulawula kunye nokuziqhelanisa nemveliso eguqukayo, umgangatho, ukhuseleko, kunye nemiba yekhonkco lokubonelela ngelixa uhlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo.
Ngenxa yokuba izinto ezininzi zichaphazela ukuhanjiswa kweemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunzima ukulawula izinto ezintsonkothileyo kwaye zihlala zitshintsha imiyalelo yemveliso.Inkqubo yomgangatho kufuneka ibe namandla kuzo zonke iinkalo zokuhlola kunye nokuyila, imveliso kunye nokuvavanya.Enkosi kwi-Industry 4.0 izicwangciso kunye nezisombululo zemveliso zanamhlanje, le mingeni esemgangathweni ibe lula ukuyilawula kunye nokoyisa.
Ingqwalasela yemveli yokuveliswa kweenqwelomoya ibisoloko ikwizinto eziphathekayo.Umthombo weengxaki ezininzi zomgangatho unokuba kukuqhekeka, ukubola, ukudinwa kwesinyithi, okanye ezinye izinto.Noko ke, ukuveliswa kweenqwelo-moya zanamhlanje kuquka ubugcisa obuphucukileyo, obunobunjineli obuphezulu obusebenzisa izinto ezixhathisayo.Ukudalwa kwemveliso kusebenzisa iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo kunye nezintsonkothileyo kunye neenkqubo zombane.Izisombululo zesoftware yolawulo lwemisebenzi jikelele zinokungasakwazi ukusombulula iingxaki ezinzima kakhulu.
Iindawo ezinzima ngakumbi zinokuthengwa kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngehlabathi, ngoko ke kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngakumbi ukudibanisa kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuhlanganisa.Ukungaqiniseki kuzisa imingeni emitsha ekubonakaleni kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nolawulo lomgangatho.Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wamacandelo amaninzi kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo zifuna iindlela ezingcono kunye nezidibeneyo ezisemgangathweni.
Ishishini 4.0 limele uphuhliso lweshishini lemveliso, kwaye ngakumbi nangakumbi itekhnoloji ephucukileyo iyafuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zomgangatho.Ubuchwephesha obuxhasayo bubandakanya i-Intanethi ye-Industrial yeZinto (IIoT), imisonto yedijithali, inyani eyandisiweyo (AR), kunye nohlalutyo lokuxela kwangaphambili.
Umgangatho we-4.0 uchaza indlela yomgangatho wemveliso eqhutywa yidatha ebandakanya iimveliso, iinkqubo, ukucwangcisa, ukuthotyelwa kunye nemigangatho.Yakhelwe phezu endaweni yokutshintsha iindlela zomgangatho wemveli, usebenzisa ezininzi itekhnoloji entsha efanayo nabalingane bayo bemizi-mveliso, kubandakanywa ukufundwa koomatshini, izixhobo ezixhunyiwe, i-computing yamafu, kunye namawele edijithali ukuguqula ukuhamba komsebenzi wombutho kunye nokuphelisa iimveliso ezinokwenzeka okanye iinkqubo Iziphene.Ukuvela koMgangatho we-4.0 kulindeleke ukuba kutshintshe ngakumbi inkcubeko yendawo yokusebenza ngokunyusa ukuthembela kwidatha kunye nokusetyenziswa okunzulu komgangatho njengenxalenye yendlela yokudala imveliso iyonke.
Umgangatho we-4.0 udibanisa imiba yokusebenza kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho (QA) ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya kwinqanaba loyilo.Oku kubandakanya indlela yokucinga kunye nokuyila iimveliso.Iziphumo zovavanyo loshishino lwakutsha nje zibonisa ukuba uninzi lweemarike azinayo inkqubo yokudlulisa uyilo oluzenzekelayo.Inkqubo yemanuwali ishiya indawo yeempazamo, nokuba yimpazamo yangaphakathi okanye uyilo lonxibelelwano kunye notshintsho kwikhonkco lokubonelela.
Ukongeza kuyilo, uMgangatho we-4.0 usebenzisa inkqubo yokufunda ngomatshini ukunciphisa inkunkuma, ukunciphisa ukusebenza ngokutsha, kunye nokwandisa iiparitha zokuvelisa.Ukongeza, iphinda isombulule imiba yokusebenza kwemveliso emva kokuziswa, isebenzisa ingxelo ekwisiza ukuhlaziya ukude isoftware yemveliso, igcina ukwaneliseka kwabathengi, kwaye ekugqibeleni iqinisekisa ukuphinda ishishini.Iba liqabane elingenakwahlulwa kuShishino 4.0.
Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho awusebenzi kuphela kwiikhonkco ezikhethiweyo zokuvelisa.Ukubandakanywa koMgangatho we-4.0 kunokufaka indlela yomgangatho obanzi kwimibutho yokuvelisa, okwenza amandla okuguqula idatha abe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokucinga kwenkampani.Ukuthotyelwa kwawo onke amanqanaba ombutho kunegalelo ekuyilweni kwenkcubeko esemgangathweni ngokubanzi.
Akukho nkqubo yokuvelisa inokuqhuba ngokugqibeleleyo kwi-100% yexesha.Ukutshintsha kweemeko kubangela iziganeko ezingalindelekanga ezifuna ukulungiswa.Abo banamava kumgangatho bayaqonda ukuba konke malunga nenkqubo yokuya kwimfezeko.Uqinisekisa njani ukuba umgangatho ubandakanyiwe kwinkqubo yokubona iingxaki kwangethuba?Uya kwenza ntoni xa ufumana isiphene?Ngaba kukho naziphi na izinto zangaphandle ezibangela le ngxaki?Loluphi utshintsho onokuthi ulwenze kwisicwangciso sohlolo okanye inkqubo yovavanyo ukunqanda le ngxaki ukuba ingenzeki kwakhona?
Ukuseka isimo sengqondo sokuba yonke inkqubo yemveliso inenkqubo yomgangatho enxulumeneyo.Khawucinge ngekamva apho kukho ubudlelwane obubodwa kunye nokulinganisa rhoqo umgangatho.Nokuba kwenzeka ntoni na ngokungakhethiyo, umgangatho ogqibeleleyo unokufikelelwa.Iziko ngalinye lomsebenzi liphonononga izalathi kunye nezalathi zokusebenza eziphambili (KPIs) mihla le ukuze zichonge iinkalo ekufuneka ziphuculwe phambi kokuba kwenzeke iingxaki.
Kule nkqubo ye-loop evaliweyo, inkqubo nganye yokuvelisa inomgangatho womgangatho, onika ingxelo yokumisa inkqubo, ukuvumela inkqubo ukuba iqhubeke, okanye wenze uhlengahlengiso lwexesha langempela.Inkqubo ayichatshazelwa kukudinwa okanye impazamo yomntu.Inkqubo esemgangathweni evaliweyo eyenzelwe ukuveliswa kwenqwelomoya ibalulekile ukufezekisa amanqanaba aphezulu, ukunciphisa amaxesha okujikeleza, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho ye-AS9100.
Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, umbono wokugxila kwi-QA kuyilo lwemveliso, uphando lwemarike, ababoneleli, iinkonzo zemveliso, okanye ezinye izinto ezichaphazela ukwaneliseka kwabathengi zazingenakwenzeka.Uyilo lwemveliso luqondwa ukuba luvela kwigunya eliphezulu;umgangatho umalunga nokwenza olu yilo kumgca wendibano, nokuba ziziphi na iintsilelo zabo.
Namhlanje, iinkampani ezininzi zicinga kwakhona ngendlela yokwenza ishishini.Ubume be-quo kwi-2018 ayinakwenzeka.Bayanda abavelisi besiba krelekrele kwaye bekrelekrele.Ulwazi oluninzi luyafumaneka, oku kuthetha ukuba ubulumko obungcono bokwakha imveliso efanelekileyo ngexesha lokuqala, kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokusebenza.