Igraphite luhlobo lwecrystalline lwekhabhoni.Inkqubo yekristale enehexagonal, kwi-inki yentsimbi ukuya kumbala omnyama ongwevu.Uxinaniso 2.25 g/cm3, ubulukhuni 1.5, iqondo lokunyibilika 3652 ℃, indawo yokubilisa 4827 ℃.Ithambile kukwakheka, kunye nemvakalelo egudileyo kunye ne-conductive.Iimpawu zemichiza azisebenzi, zimelana nokugqwala, kwaye azinakuphinda zisebenze kunye neeasidi, iialkali, njl njl.Ii-oxidants ezomeleleyo ziya kuyi-oxidize ibe yi-organic acids.Isetyenziswe njenge-agent echasene ne-friction kunye nezinto zokuthambisa, ukwenza ii-crucibles, i-electrode, iibhetri ezomileyo, kunye neentambo zepensile.Igraphite yococeko oluphezulu ingasetyenziswa njengemodareyitha ineutron kwireactors zenyukliya.Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngamalahle okanye ilothe emnyama kuba ibikade ijongwa njengelothe.

Usetyenziso oluphambili lwegraphite:

1. Isetyenziswe njengezinto eziphikisayo: I-graphite kunye neemveliso zayo zineempawu zokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye namandla, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini le-metallurgical ukwenza i-graphite crucibles.Kwi-steelmaking, i-graphite isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengesixhobo sokukhusela i-ingots zensimbi kunye ne-lining ye-metallurgical furnaces.

2. Njengezinto eziqhubayo: ezisetyenziselwa kushishino lombane ukwenza i-electrodes, iibrashi, ii-carbon rods, i-carbon tubes, i-electrodes ekhangayo ye-mercury positive current transformers, iigaskiti zegraphite, iifowuni zefowuni, iingubo zeetyhubhu zethelevishini, njl.

3. Njengesixhobo sokuthambisa esingagugiyo: Igraphite isoloko isetyenziswa njenge-lubricant kwishishini lomatshini.Ioyile yokuthambisa kaninzi ayinakusetyenziswa phantsi kwesantya esiphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu, kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ngelixa izinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana negraphite zinokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthambisa ioyile kwisantya esiphezulu sokutyibilika kumaqondo obushushu angama-200-2000 ℃.Izixhobo ezininzi ezithutha imidiya ebolileyo zenziwe ngokubanzi ngezinto zegraphite ukwenza iikomityi zepiston, imisesane yokutywina, kunye neebheringi, ezingadingi ukongezwa kweoyile yokuthambisa ngexesha lokusebenza.I-emulsion ye-graphite iphinda ibe yi-lubricant efanelekileyo yokulungiswa kwesinyithi (umzobo wocingo, umzobo wetyhubhu).

4. Igraphite inozinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali.Igraphite ecutshungulwayo ngokukodwa ineempawu zokuxhathisa umhlwa, ukuguquguquka okuhle kwe-thermal, kunye nokungena okuphantsi, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yokutshintsha ubushushu, iitanki zokusabela, i-condensers, iinqaba zokutsha, iinqaba zokufunxa, ii-coolers, izifudumezi, izihluzi kunye nezixhobo zokumpompa.Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumacandelo ezoshishino afana ne-petrochemical, i-hydrometallurgy, imveliso ye-asidi-base, i-synthetic fibers, i-papermaking, njl., inokugcina inani elikhulu lezinto zetsimbi.

Iindidi zegraphite ezingagxumekiyo ziyahluka kwi-corrosion resistance ngenxa yee-resin ezahlukeneyo eziquletheyo.I-Phenolic resin impregnators i-acid resistant kodwa ayinayo i-alkali;I-Furfuryl alcohol resin impregnators zombini i-asidi kunye ne-alkali ukumelana.Ukumelana nokushisa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kuyahluka kwakhona: i-carbon kunye negraphite inokumelana ne-2000-3000 ℃ kwindawo yokunciphisa, kwaye iqale i-oxidize kwi-350 ℃ kunye ne-400 ℃ ngokulandelanayo kwi-oxidizing atmosphere;Iindidi zegraphite ezingagxumekiyo ziyohluka kwi-ejenti yokumitha, kwaye iqhelekile ukumelana nobushushu ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-180 ℃ ngokumitha ngephenolic okanye i-furfuryl alcohol.

5. Isetyenziselwa ukuphosa, i-sanding, ukubumba, kunye ne-high-temperature metallurgical materials: Ngenxa ye-coefficient encinci ye-thermal yokwandisa i-graphite kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukujamelana nokutshintsha kokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufudumala, ingasetyenziselwa njenge-mold ye-glassware.Emva kokusebenzisa i-graphite, isinyithi esimnyama sinokufumana imilinganiselo yokuphosa echanekileyo, ukugudiswa kwendawo ephezulu kunye nesivuno, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ngaphandle kokucubungula okanye ukucutshungulwa okuncinci, ngaloo ndlela igcina isixa esikhulu sesinyithi.Ukuveliswa kwee-alloys ezinzima kunye nezinye iinkqubo ze-metallurgy zomgubo zibandakanya ukusebenzisa izixhobo zegraphite ukwenza izikhephe ze-ceramic zokucofa kunye nokuntywila.I-crystal yokukhula i-crucible, i-container yokucoca ingingqi, inkxaso yenkxaso, i-heater induction, njl.Ukongeza, i-graphite ingasetyenziselwa njengebhodi yokugquma i-graphite kunye nesiseko se-vacuum smelting, enokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.

6. Isetyenziswa kushishino lwamandla eathom kunye nelizwe lokhuselo: Igraphite ineemodareyitha zeneutron ezigqwesileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiireactors zeathom, kwaye iuranium-graphite reactors luhlobo olusetyenziswa kakhulu lwereactor yeathom.Izinto zokunciphisa isantya ezisetyenziswa kwiireactors zeathom zamandla kufuneka zibe nenqanaba eliphezulu lokunyibilika, uzinzo, kunye nokumelana nokubola, kunye negraphite inokuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo nezi mfuno zingentla.Imfuno yococeko yegraphite esetyenziswa njenge-athom reactor iphezulu kakhulu, kwaye umxholo wobumdaka awufanele ube ngaphezu kwamashumi eePPM.Ngokukodwa, umxholo we-boron kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwe-0.5PPM.Kushishino lokhuselo lwesizwe, igraphite ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza imilomo yeerokhethi zamafutha aqinileyo, iicones zempumlo zemijukujelwa, amacandelo ezixhobo zokujonga emajukujukwini, imathiriyeli yokugquma, kunye nemathiriyeli yokhuselo lwemitha.

7. Igraphite inokuthintela kwakhona ukunyuswa kwebhoyila.Iimvavanyo zeyunithi ezifanelekileyo zibonise ukuba ukongeza umlinganiselo othile we-graphite powder (malunga ne-4-5 grams ngetoni nganye yamanzi) emanzini kunokuthintela ukulinganisa umphezulu webhoyila.Ukongezelela, ukugqunywa kwegraphite kwiitshimini zentsimbi, uphahla, iibhulorho nemibhobho kunokuthintela umhlwa nomhlwa.

8. Igraphite ingasetyenziswa njengelothe yepensile, ibala lebala, kunye nearhente yokupolisha.Emva kokulungiswa okukhethekileyo, igraphite inokwenziwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezikhethekileyo zokusetyenziswa kumasebe amashishini afanelekileyo.

9. I-Electrode: I-graphite ine-conductivity enhle kunye nokuchasana okuphantsi.Iielectrode zegraphite zinokuveliswa kwiziko lokunyibilikisa kunye neendawo zombane ze-arc kwiifektri zentsimbi kunye nesilicon.