Abaphandi bafumene imibala yokwenyani yeqela lezinambuzane zamandulo ezazibanjwe kwi-amber eMyanmar kwiminyaka emalunga nezigidi ezingama-99 eyadlulayo. Izinambuzane zamandulo ziquka ii-cuckoo wasps, iimpukane zamanzi kunye neebhungane, zonke eziza ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omfusa kunye noluhlaza.
Indalo ityebile ngokubonakalayo, kodwa iifosili azinawo ubungqina bombala wokuqala wento ephilayo. Sekunjalo, izazi ze-paleontologists ngoku zikhangela iindlela zokukhetha imibala kwiifosili ezigcinwe kakuhle, nokuba ziidinosaur kunye nezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo ezibhabhayo okanye iinyoka zamandulo kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo.
Ukuqonda umbala weentlobo eziphelileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kunokuxelela abaphandi okuninzi malunga nokuziphatha kwezilwanyana. Umzekelo, umbala ungasetyenziselwa ukutsala amaqabane okanye ukulumkisa izilwanyana ezizingelayo, kwaye uncede nokulawula ubushushu. Ukufunda okungakumbi ngazo kunokunceda abaphandi bafunde ngakumbi ngeenkqubo zendalo kunye neemeko.
Kolu phando lutsha, iqela lophando elivela kwiNanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (NIGPAS) yeChinese Academy of Sciences lijonge iisampulu ezingama-35 ze-amber ezazinezinambuzane ezigcinwe kakuhle. Ezi fosili zifunyenwe kwimigodi ye-amber kumantla eMyanmar.
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“I-Amber iphakathi kweCretaceous, ineminyaka emalunga nezigidi ezingama-99 ubudala, isusela kwixesha legolide leedayinaso,” utshilo umbhali oyintloko uChenyan Cai kwingxelo yakhe. “Ngokuyintloko yi-resin eveliswa zii-conifers zamandulo ezikhula kwindawo enehlathi. Izityalo nezilwanyana ezivaleleke kwi-resin etyebileyo zigcinwe, ezinye zigcinwe ngokuthembeka okufana nokuphila.”
Imibala yendalo idla ngokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu ezibanzi: i-bioluminescence, i-pigment, kunye nemibala yesakhiwo. Iifosili ze-amber zifumene imibala yesakhiwo egciniweyo edla ngokuba bukhali kwaye inomtsalane (kuquka imibala yesinyithi) kwaye iveliswa zizakhiwo ezisasaza ukukhanya okuncinci ezikwintloko yesilwanyana, emzimbeni nakwimilenze.
Abaphandi bapholisha iifosili besebenzisa i-sandpaper kunye ne-diatomaceous earth powder. Enye i-amber iyagaywa ibe zii-flakes ezincinci kakhulu ukuze izinambuzane zibonakale ngokucacileyo, kwaye i-amber matrix ejikelezileyo iphantse ibonakale ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo. Imifanekiso equkwe kolu phando ihlelwe ukuze kulungiswe ukukhanya kunye nomahluko.
“Uhlobo lombala olugcinwe kwi-amber yefosili lubizwa ngokuba ngumbala wesakhiwo,” utshilo uYanhong Pan, umbhali-mbhali wolu phononongo, kwingxelo. “Izakhiwo ezingaphantsi komhlaba zisasaza ubude bokukhanya obuthile,” “zivelisa imibala ebukhali kakhulu,” utshilo uPan, wongeza ukuba le “ndlela yokusebenza inoxanduva lwemibala emininzi esiyaziyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.”
Kuzo zonke iifosili, ii-cuckoo wasps ziyamangalisa kakhulu, zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, otyheli, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, entloko, esifubeni, esiswini nasemilenzeni. Ngokutsho kolu phando, ezi patheni zemibala ziyafana kakhulu nee-cuckoo wasps ezisaphila nanamhlanje. Ezinye izinto ezibalaseleyo ziquka ii-blue and purple beetle kunye nee-soldier flies eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Besebenzisa i-electron microscopy, abaphandi babonise ukuba i-fossil amber "inezakhiwo ezincinci ze-exoskeleton ezisasaza ukukhanya ezigcinwe kakuhle."
“Izinto esizibonileyo zibonisa ngamandla ukuba ezinye iifosili ze-amber zinokugcina imibala efanayo neyayiboniswa zizinambuzane xa zaziphila kwiminyaka emalunga nezigidi ezingama-99 eyadlulayo,” babhala ababhali bolu phando. “Ngaphezu koko, oku kuqinisekiswa yinto yokuba ii-blue-greens zesinyithi zifumaneka rhoqo kwiinyosi ze-cuckoo ezikhoyo.”
UFermin Koop yintatheli evela eBuenos Aires, eArgentina. Une-MA kwiNdalo noPhuhliso kwiYunivesithi yaseReading, e-UK, egxile kwintatheli yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokusingqongileyo.