I-Bentonite iyiminerali engeyiyo i-metallic kunye ne-montmorillonite njengeyona nto iphambili yamaminerali.Isakhiwo se-montmorillonite si-2: 1 uhlobo lwe-crystal structure eyenziwe ngee-silicon oxide tetrahedron ezimbini ezixutywe kunye ne-aluminium oxide octahedron.Ngenxa yolwakhiwo olunemaleko olwenziwe yi-montmorillonite crystal cell, kukho iications ezithile, ezifana neCu, Mg, Na, K, njl., kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwezi cations kunye ne-montmorillonite crystal cell azinzanga kakhulu, ekulula ukuba utshintshiselwano ngezinye ii-cations, ngoko ke ineempawu ezilungileyo zokutshintshiselana kwe-ion.Ngaphesheya, isetyenziswe kumasebe angaphezu kwe-100 kwiinkalo ze-24 zemveliso yezoshishino kunye nezolimo, kunye neemveliso ezingaphezu kwe-300, ngoko abantu bayibiza ngokuthi "umhlaba jikelele".

I-Bentonite yaziwa ngokuba yi-bentonite, i-bentonite, okanye i-bentonite.I-China inomlando omude wokuphuhlisa nokusebenzisa i-bentonite, eyayisetyenziswa ekuqaleni njenge-detergent.(Kwakukho imigodi evulekileyo kwindawo yaseRenshou eSichuan kumakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo, kwaye abantu basekuhlaleni babebiza i-bentonite powder powder.).Sele isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwisithuba esingaphezu kweminyaka elikhulu.Ukufunyanwa kokuqala e-United States kwakukwindawo yamandulo yase-Wyoming, apho udongwe oluphuzi-luhlaza, olunokwandisa lube yintlama emva kokongeza amanzi, lubizwa ngokuba yi-bentonite.Enyanisweni, i-mineral component ye-bentonite i-montmorillonite, enomxholo we-85-90%.Ezinye iipropati ze-bentonite nazo zichongwa yi-montmorillonite.IMontmorillonite inokuthatha imibala eyahlukeneyo efana nohlaza tyheli, tyheli mhlophe, ngwevu, mhlophe, njalo njalo.Inokwenza amagaqa axineneyo okanye umhlaba oxekekileyo, kunye nemvakalelo emtyibilizi xa ikhuhlwa ngeminwe yakho.Emva kokongeza amanzi, umzimba omncinci wandisa amaxesha amaninzi ukuya kuma-20-30 kumthamo, kwaye ubonakala umisiwe emanzini.Xa kukho amanzi amancinci, ibonakala i-mushy.Iipropati ze-montmorillonite zihambelana nokwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi.

Umhlaba ofakwe iblitshi yendalo

Ngokucacileyo, udongwe olumhlophe oluvela ngokwendalo oluneempawu zokujikwa kwemvelo lumhlophe, udongwe olungwevu olumhlophe ikakhulu oluqulunqwe yi-montmorillonite, i-albite, kunye ne-quartz, kwaye luhlobo lwe-bentonite.

Ikakhulu imveliso yokubola kwe-vitreous volcanic rock, engandisi emva kokufunxa amanzi, kwaye ixabiso le-pH lokumiswa li-asidi ebuthakathaka, eyahluke kwi-alkaline bentonite;Ukusebenza kwayo kubi kakhulu kunodongwe olusebenzayo.Imibala ngokubanzi ibandakanya ukukhanya okutyheli, okuluhlaza okumhlophe, okungwevu, umbala womnquma, omdaka, omhlophe wobisi, obomvu bepesika, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njalo njalo.Bambalwa kakhulu abamhlophe qwa.Ubuninzi: 2.7-2.9g / cm.Uxinzelelo olubonakalayo luhlala luphantsi ngenxa ye-porosity.Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kufana nodongwe oluqhelekileyo, kunye namacandelo eekhemikhali eziphambili yi-aluminium oxide, i-silicon dioxide, amanzi, kunye nexabiso elincinci lentsimbi, i-magnesium, i-calcium, njl. Akukho plastiki, i-adsorption ephezulu.Ngenxa yomxholo ophezulu we-hydrous silicic acid, i-acidic kwi-litmus.Amanzi athambekele ekuqhekekeni kwaye anomthamo omkhulu wamanzi.Ngokubanzi, okukhona ukucoleka, kokukhona aphezulu amandla okususa umbala.

Ngethuba lesigaba sokuhlola, xa uqhuba ukuhlolwa komgangatho, kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwayo kwe-bleaching, i-asidi, ukusebenza kokucoca, ukuxutywa kweoli, kunye nezinye izinto.

Bentonite ore
I-Bentonite ore iyiminerali esetyenziselwa izinto ezininzi, kwaye umgangatho wayo kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa zixhomekeke kumxholo kunye nohlobo lweempawu ze-montmorillonite kunye neempawu zayo zeekhemikhali ze-crystal.Ke ngoko, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka kwahluke ukusuka kweyam ukuya kweyam kunye nomsebenzi ukuya kumsebenzi.Umzekelo, ukuveliswa kodongwe olusebenzayo, i-calcium esekelwe kwi-sodium esekelwe, ukugrumba i-grouting ye-petroleum drilling, ukubuyisela isitashi njenge-slurry yokujikeleza, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya, usebenzisa i-ingaphakathi kunye nengaphandle eludongeni iingubo zokwakha kwizinto zokwakha, ukulungiselela i-bentonite ye-organic, i-synthesizing 4A zeolite. ukusuka kwi-bentonite, ukuvelisa i-carbon emhlophe emnyama, njalo njalo.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-calcium esekelwe kunye ne-sodium esekelwe

Uhlobo lwe-bentonite luchongwa luhlobo lwe-interlayer cation kwi-bentonite.Xa i-interlayer cation i-Na +, ibizwa ngokuba yi-sodium based bentonite;I-calcium esekelwe kwi-bentonite ibizwa ngokuba i-interlayer cation yiCa +.I-sodium montmorillonite (okanye i-sodium bentonite) inezakhiwo ezingcono kune-calcium esekelwe kwi-bentonite.Nangona kunjalo, ukusasazwa komhlaba we-calcareous ehlabathini kubanzi kakhulu kunomhlaba wesodium.Ngoko ke, ngaphezu kokuqinisa ukukhangela umhlaba we-sodium, kuyimfuneko ukuguqula umhlaba we-calcareous ukuze ube ngumhlaba we-sodium.