I-Bentonite yiminerali engeyiyo isinyithi ene-montmorillonite njengeyona minerali iphambili. Isakhiwo se-montmorillonite sisakhiwo sekristale sohlobo lwe-2:1 esakhiwe zii-tetrahedrons ezimbini ze-silicon oxide ezifakwe umaleko we-aluminium oxide octahedron. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esenziwe yi-montmorillonite crystal cell, kukho ii-cations ezithile, ezifana ne-Cu, Mg, Na, K, njl., kwaye ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezi cations kunye ne-montmorillonite crystal cell akuzinzanga kakhulu, okulula ukutshintshiselana nezinye ii-cations, ngoko ke ineempawu ezilungileyo zokutshintshiselana kwee-ion. Ngaphesheya, isetyenziswe kumasebe angaphezu kwe-100 kwiindawo ezingama-24 zemveliso yemizi-mveliso neyezolimo, kunye neemveliso ezingaphezu kwama-300, ngoko ke abantu bayibiza ngokuba "ngumhlaba wendalo yonke".

I-Bentonite ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-bentonite, i-bentonite, okanye i-bentonite. I-China inembali ende yokuphuhlisa nokusebenzisa i-bentonite, eyayisetyenziswa kuphela njengesepha. (Bekukho imigodi evulekileyo kwindawo yaseRenshou eSichuan kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, kwaye abantu basekuhlaleni babeyibiza ngokuba yi-bentonite soil powder.). Isetyenziswe kakhulu kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu kuphela. Ukufunyanwa kokuqala e-United States kwakukwi-strata yamandulo yaseWyoming, apho udongwe oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, olunokwanda lube yintlama emva kokongeza amanzi, lwalubizwa ngokuba yi-bentonite. Enyanisweni, inxalenye ephambili yeminerali ye-bentonite yi-montmorillonite, enomxholo we-85-90%. Ezinye iimpawu ze-bentonite nazo zichongwa yi-montmorillonite. I-Montmorillonite ingathatha imibala eyahlukeneyo efana noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omhlophe okwesibhakabhaka, ongwevu, omhlophe, njalo njalo. Ingenza amaqhuma axineneyo okanye umhlaba okhululekileyo, kunye nomvakalelo otyibilikayo xa ukhuhlwa ngeminwe yakho. Emva kokongeza amanzi, umzimba omncinci uyanda amaxesha amaninzi ukuya kumaxesha angama-20-30 ngomthamo, kwaye ubonakala uxhonywe emanzini. Xa amanzi engekho maninzi, ibonakala ithambile. Iimpawu zemontmorillonite zihambelana nokwakheka kwayo ngamakhemikhali kunye nolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi.

Umhlaba wendalo otyheliweyo

Oko kukuthi, udongwe olumhlophe oluvela ngokwemvelo oluneempawu zokumhlopheka ludongwe olumhlophe, olungwevu oluyilwe ikakhulu yi-montmorillonite, i-albite, kunye ne-quartz, kwaye luhlobo lwe-bentonite.

Ngokuyintloko yimveliso yokubola kwelitye lentaba-mlilo i-vitreous, elingakhuliyo emva kokufunxa amanzi, kwaye ixabiso le-pH yokumiswa yi-asidi ebuthathaka, eyahlukileyo kwi-alkaline bentonite; Ukusebenza kwayo kokumhlopheza kubi kuneyodongwe olusebenzayo. Imibala ngokubanzi ibandakanya umthubi okhanyayo, omhlophe oluhlaza, ongwevu, umbala womnquma, omdaka, omhlophe wobisi, obomvu wepetshi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njalo njalo. Zimbalwa kakhulu ezimhlophe ngokupheleleyo. Ubuninzi: 2.7-2.9g/cm. Ubuninzi obubonakalayo buhlala buphantsi ngenxa ye-porosity. Ulwakhiwo lwekhemikhali lufana nolodongwe oluqhelekileyo, apho izinto eziphambili zekhemikhali ziyi-aluminium oxide, i-silicon dioxide, amanzi, kunye nenani elincinci le-iron, i-magnesium, i-calcium, njl. Akukho plasticity, i-adsorption ephezulu. Ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu we-hydrous silicic acid, i-asidi kwi-litmus. Amanzi athanda ukuqhekeka kwaye anomxholo wamanzi ophezulu. Ngokubanzi, okukhona ubuncinci buncinci, kokukhona amandla okususa umbala aphezulu.

Ngexesha lesigaba sokuhlola, xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lomgangatho, kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwayo kokumhlophe, iasidi, ukusebenza kokucoca, ukufunxwa kweoyile, kunye nezinye izinto.

I-Bentonite ore
I-Bentonite ore yiminerali esetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi, kwaye umgangatho wayo kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa kwayo zixhomekeke kakhulu kumxholo kunye nohlobo lwe-montmorillonite kunye neempawu zayo ze-crystal chemical. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka kwahluke ukusuka kweyam ukuya kweyam kunye nomsebenzi ukuya kumsebenzi. Umzekelo, ukuveliswa kodongwe olusebenzayo, i-calcium esekelwe kwi-sodium based, i-grouting yokubhola i-petroleum, ukuthatha indawo yesitatshi njenge-slurry yokujikelezisa, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya, ukusebenzisa iingubo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zodonga kwizixhobo zokwakha, ukulungiselela i-organic bentonite, ukwenza i-4A zeolite evela kwi-bentonite, ukuvelisa i-white carbon black, njl.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-calcium based kunye ne-sodium based

Uhlobo lwe-bentonite lumiselwa luhlobo lwe-cation ephakathi kwe-bentonite. Xa i-cation ephakathi kwe-bentonite yi-Na+, ibizwa ngokuba yi-bentonite esekelwe kwi-sodium; i-bentonite esekelwe kwi-calcium ibizwa ngokuba yi-cation ephakathi kwe-bentonite yi-Ca+. I-Sodium montmorillonite (okanye i-sodium bentonite) ineempawu ezingcono kune-bentonite esekelwe kwi-calcium. Nangona kunjalo, ukusasazeka komhlaba we-calcareous kwihlabathi kubanzi kakhulu kunomhlaba we-sodium. Ke ngoko, ukongeza ekuqiniseni ukukhangela umhlaba we-sodium, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha umhlaba we-calcareous ukuze ube ngumhlaba we-sodium.