Kwishishini leoyile negesi lehlabathi, ukuphishekela imisebenzi yokugrumba esebenza kakuhle yinto eqhubekayo, apho ulwelo lokugrumba olusemgangathweni ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni uzinzo lwe-wellbore, ukupholisa ii-drill bits, kunye nokuthutha iziqwenga ziye kumphezulu. Umgubo we-Bentonite, ngakumbi i-bentonite esekelwe kwi-sodium eninzi kwi-montmorillonite, uye wavela njengesithako esibalulekileyo kwi-drilling fluid formulations. Amandla ayo amangalisayo okufunxa amanzi, iipropati ze-thixotropic, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza ikhekhe lesihluzi esixineneyo, esingangenisi manzi kangako kwenza ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi yokugrumba yanamhlanje.

Kwimigodi enzulu, apho amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi komhlaba anokunyuka aye kwi-150-200°C kwaye uxinzelelo ludlule kwi-30 MPa, ukuzinza kolwelo lokugrumba kuba yinto ebalulekileyo. Izongezo eziqhelekileyo zolwelo lokugrumba zihlala zingaphumeleli phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kangaka, kodwa umgubo we-bentonite osekelwe kwi-sodium ubonakala ngeempawu zawo ezintle ze-rheological. Kwindawo enkulu yeoyile kuMbindi Mpuma, uvavanyo oluthelekisayo lubonise ukongama kolwelo lokugrumba oluqulethe umgubo wethu we-bentonite osekelwe kwi-sodium. Isantya esiqhelekileyo sokugrumba sinyuke nge-18%, kwaye inani leziganeko zokuwa kwe-wellbore lehle nge-70% xa kuthelekiswa nezongezo zodongwe eziqhelekileyo. Le mpumelelo inokubangelwa yi-montmorillonite kwi-bentonite powder, eyenza ikhekhe lesihluzo elifanayo, eliqhele ukuba yi-1-3 mm ubukhulu, eludongeni lwe-wellbore. Le khekhe yesihluzo inciphisa ukulahleka kolwelo ekwakhekeni, kunye namaxabiso okulahleka kwesihluzo ≤10 mL/30 min phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo ze-API, ngaloo ndlela ithintela umonakalo ekwakhekeni.

Ukongeza kwi-bentonite esekwe kwi-sodium, uluhlu lwemveliso yethu luquka umgubo we-bentonite osekwe kwi-calcium, ofanelekileyo kakhulu kwiindlela zokumba imithombo enganzulu kunye neemeko zokumba amanzi acocekileyo. Ngelixa i-bentonite esekwe kwi-calcium inomthamo ophantsi wokudumba xa ithelekiswa nomlingani wayo osekwe kwi-sodium, inika ukusebenza okungcono kweendleko. Xa inyangwa nge-sodium carbonate, i-activator eqhelekileyo, i-bentonite esekwe kwi-calcium inokuguqulwa ibe yi-sodium-calcium mixed bentonite. Ukusebenza kwale bentonite edibeneyo kufana noko kwe-bentonite yendalo esekelwe kwi-sodium, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwimisebenzi yokumba ephakathi, eqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-1000 ukuya kwi-3000 yeemitha.

Ulawulo lomgangatho lubaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yethu ye-bentonite powder yolwelo lokugrumba. Iimveliso zethu zilandela imigangatho engqongqo, kunye neempawu eziphambili ezihlangabezana neemfuno ze-API Spec 13A. Le migangatho ichaza umxholo we-montmorillonite we-≥80%, umxholo wokufuma we-≤12%, umxholo wesanti we-≤2%, kunye nentsalela yesihluzo se-325-mesh ye-≤0.5%. Ibhetshi nganye yeemveliso ivavanywa ngokuqatha kwilebhu yethu ukuze ijonge ukuba i-viscosity ingakanani, ukulahleka kwesihluzo, kunye nesantya sokudumba, kwaye ingxelo epheleleyo yokuhlolwa komgangatho inikwa abathengi bethu.

Ukuze sihlangabezane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zabathengi be-oyile negesi kwihlabathi liphela, sinikezela ngezisombululo ze-bentonite powder ezenzelwe wena. Kwimisebenzi yokugrumba elwandle esebenzisa amanzi olwandle, anetyuwa eninzi, sitshintsha umphezulu we-bentonite powder ngeetyuwa ze-quaternary ammonium. Olu tshintsho luphucula kakhulu ukunyamezela ityuwa ye-bentonite powder, siqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo lokugrumba lugcina i-viscosity ezinzileyo kunye nokulahleka okuphantsi kwesihluzo, nokuba kumanzi olwandle anetyuwa ye-35‰. Kwiindawo zokugrumba ezikwindawo ebandayo, apho amaqondo obushushu angaphantsi komhlaba anokwehla aye kwi-≤0°C, songeza izilungisi ze-antifreeze kwi-bentonite powder. Oku kuthintela ulwelo lokugrumba ukuba luqande kwaye kuqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwalo okuqhelekileyo, okuvumela imisebenzi yokugrumba eqhubekayo nesebenzayo.

Ngokuphathelele uthutho, sibeka phambili ukuthembeka kweemveliso zethu ngexesha lokuthuthwa. Umgubo wethu we-bentonite upakishwe kwiingxowa ezingangenisi umswakama kwaye zingabi nazingxobo, ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-25 kg nganye, kunye nefilimu yangaphakathi ye-polyethylene kunye nebhegi yangaphandle yephepha le-kraft egqunywe ngomaleko ongangeni manzi. Olu pakisho lukhusela umgubo we-bentonite ekufunxeni umswakama ngexesha lokuthuthwa kolwandle okude. Siye saseka ubudlelwane obuqinileyo neenkampani eziphambili zokuhambisa imikhumbi ezifana neMaersk kunye ne-CMA CGM, siqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zethu zinokuthunyelwa kumazibuko eMbindi Mpuma, eAfrika, naseMntla Melika kwiintsuku ezingama-20-35.