I-Bentonite yiminerali engeyiyo yesinyithi eyenziwe ikakhulu yi-montmorillonite. Isakhiwo se-montmorillonite sisakhiwo sekristale sohlobo lwe-2:1 esakhiwe zii-tetrahedra ezimbini ze-silica tetrahedra ezifakwe umaleko we-aluminium oxide octahedra. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esifakwe iileya ezenziwe ziiseli zekristale ze-montmorillonite, kukho ii-cation ezithile, ezifana ne-Cu, Mg, Na, K, njl., kwaye ukusebenzisana kwazo neeseli zekristale ze-montmorillonite akuzinzanga kakhulu, okulula ukutshintshiselana ngazo nezinye ii-cation, ngoko ke zineempawu ezilungileyo zokutshintshiselana ngee-ion. Kumazwe aphesheya, isetyenziswe kwiisebe ezingaphezu kwe-100 kwiindawo ezingama-24 zemveliso yemizi-mveliso neyezolimo, kunye neemveliso ezingaphezu kwama-300, yiyo loo nto abantu beyibiza ngokuba "ngumhlaba wendalo yonke".

I-Bentonite ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-bentonite, i-bentonite, okanye i-bentonite. I-China inembali ende yokuphuhlisa nokusebenzisa i-bentonite, eyayisetyenziswa kuphela njengesepha. Kwakukho imigodi evulekileyo kwindawo yaseRenshou eSichuan kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, kwaye abemi bendawo babeyibiza ngokuba yi-bentonite njengomgubo wodongwe. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kodwa inembali engaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Ukufunyanwa kokuqala e-United States kwakukwi-strata yamandulo yaseWyoming, apho udongwe oluluhlaza olutyheli, olunokwanda lube yintlama emva kokongeza amanzi, lwalubizwa ngokuba yi-bentonite. Enyanisweni, inxalenye ephambili yeminerali ye-bentonite yi-montmorillonite, enomxholo we-85-90%. Ezinye iimpawu ze-bentonite nazo zichongwa yi-montmorillonite. I-Montmorillonite ingabonakala ngemibala eyahlukeneyo efana noluhlaza olutyheli, omhlophe otyheli, ongwevu, omhlophe, njalo njalo. Ingenza iibhloko ezixineneyo okanye umhlaba okhululekileyo, onemvakalelo yokutyibilika xa ukhuhlwa ngeminwe. Emva kokongeza amanzi, umthamo weebhloko ezincinci uyanda izihlandlo ezininzi ukuya kuthi ga kwizihlandlo ezingama-20-30, ubonakala ukwimeko yokuxhoma emanzini, kwaye ukwimeko yokuncamathela xa kukho amanzi amancinci. Iimpawu zemontmorillonite zinxulumene nokwakheka kwayo ngamakhemikhali kunye nolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi.

Udongwe olusebenzayo

Udongwe olusebenzayo luyi-adsorbent eyenziwe ngodongwe (ikakhulu i-bentonite) njengezinto eziluhlaza, oluphathwa ngonyango lwe-inorganic acidification, lulandelwe kukuhlanjwa ngamanzi kunye nokomiswa. Inkangeleko yalo ngumgubo omhlophe ofana nobisi, alunavumba, alunancasa, alunatyhefu, kwaye lunamandla okufunxa. Lunokufunxa izinto ezinemibala kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Kulula ukufunxa umswakama emoyeni, kwaye ukulubeka ixesha elide kuya kunciphisa ukusebenza kokufunxa. Nangona kunjalo, ukufudumeza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-300 degrees Celsius kuqala ukulahlekelwa ngamanzi acwebezelayo, okubangela utshintsho kwisakhiwo kwaye kuchaphazele isiphumo sokunyamalala. Udongwe olusebenzayo alunyibiliki emanzini, kwizinyibilikisi zendalo, nakwiioyile ezahlukeneyo, phantse lunyibilika ngokupheleleyo kwi-caustic soda eshushu kunye ne-hydrochloric acid, enobunzima obuyi-2.3-2.5, kwaye ludumba kancinci emanzini nakwioyile.

Umhlaba wendalo otyheliweyo

Udongwe olumhlophe oluvela ngokwemvelo oluneempawu zokumhlopheka ludongwe olumhlophe, olungwevu oluyilwe kakhulu yi-montmorillonite, i-albite, kunye ne-quartz, kwaye luhlobo lwe-bentonite.
Ngokuyintloko yimveliso yokubola kwamatye entaba-mlilo anjengeglasi, angandi emva kokufunxa amanzi, kwaye ixabiso le-pH yokumiswa lahlukile kwele-alkaline bentonite; Ukusebenza kwayo kokumhlopheza kubi kuneledongwe elisebenzayo. Imibala ngokubanzi ibandakanya umthubi okhanyayo, omhlophe oluhlaza, ongwevu, umbala we-olive, omdaka, omhlophe wobisi, obomvu wepetshi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njl. Zimbalwa kakhulu ezimhlophe ezicocekileyo. Ubuninzi yi-2.7-2.9g/cm. Ubuninzi obubonakalayo buhlala buphantsi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo. Ulwakhiwo lwekhemikhali lufana nolodongwe oluqhelekileyo, apho izinto eziphambili zekhemikhali ziyi-aluminium oxide, i-silicon dioxide, amanzi, kunye nenani elincinci le-iron, i-magnesium, i-calcium, njl. Akukho plasticity, kunye namandla aphezulu okufunxa. Ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu we-hydrous silicic acid, ine-asidi kwi-litmus. Amanzi athanda ukuqhekeka kwaye anomxholo ophezulu wamanzi. Ngokubanzi, okukhona ubuncinci buncinci, kokukhona amandla okususa umbala aphezulu.

I-Bentonite ore
I-Bentonite ore yiminerali esetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi, kunye nomgangatho wayo.