Udongwe olusebenzayo luyi-adsorbent eyenziwe ngodongwe (ikakhulukazi i-bentonite) njengento ekrwada, ephathwa nge-acidification ye-inorganic, ityuwa okanye ezinye iindlela, kwaye ihlanjululwe kwaye yomiswe ngamanzi.Inobisi olumhlophe lwembonakalo yomgubo, ayinavumba, ayinavumba, ayinayo ityhefu, kwaye inokusebenza okunamandla kwe-adsorption.Iyakwazi ukubhengeza izinto ezinemibala kunye nezinto eziphilayo.Kulula ukufunxa umswakama emoyeni, kwaye ukuyibeka ixesha elide kuya kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-adsorption.Xa usebenzisa, kuyacetyiswa ukutshisa (ngokukhethekileyo kwi-80-100 degrees Celsius) ukuvuselela.Nangona kunjalo, ukufudumeza ngaphezu kwe-300 degrees Celsius iqala ukulahlekelwa ngamanzi e-crystalline, okubangela utshintsho lwesakhiwo kunye nokuchaphazela umphumo wokuphela.Udongwe olusebenzayo alunyibiliki emanzini, izinyibilikisi eziphilayo, kunye nee-oyile ezahlukeneyo, phantse zinyibilika kwisoda eshushu ye-caustic kunye ne-hydrochloric acid, kunye noxinzelelo oluyi-2.3-2.5, kunye nokudumba okuncinci emanzini nakwi-oyile.

Udongwe olumhlophe olwenzeka ngokwendalo oluneempawu zendalo zokujija ludongwe olumhlophe, olungwevu olumhlophe ikakhulu oluhlanganiswe yi-montmorillonite, i-albite, kunye ne-quartz, kwaye luhlobo lwe-bentonite.

Ikakhulu imveliso yokubola kwamatye e-volcanic eglasi, angandisi emva kokufunxa amanzi, kwaye ixabiso le-pH lokumiswa lihluke kwi-bentonite ye-alkaline;Ukusebenza kwayo kubi kakhulu kunodongwe olusebenzayo.Imibala ngokubanzi ibandakanya ukukhanya okutyheli, okuluhlaza okumhlophe, ngwevu, umbala womnquma, omdaka, omhlophe wobisi, obomvu bepesika, obhlowu, njalo njalo. Zimbalwa kakhulu ezimhlophe ezisulungekileyo.Ubuninzi be-2.7-2.9g / cm.Ubuninzi obubonakalayo buhlala buphantsi ngenxa ye-porosity yayo.Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kufana nodongwe oluqhelekileyo, kunye namacandelo eekhemikhali eziphambili yi-aluminium oxide, i-silicon dioxide, amanzi, kunye nexabiso elincinci lentsimbi, i-magnesium, i-calcium, njl.Ngenxa yomxholo ophezulu we-hydrous silicic acid, i-acidic kwi-litmus.Amanzi athambekele ekuqhekekeni kwaye anomthamo omkhulu wamanzi.Ngokubanzi, okukhona ukucoleka, kokukhona aphezulu amandla okususa umbala.

Xa uqhuba uvavanyo lomgangatho ngexesha lesigaba sokuhlola, kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwayo kwe-bleaching, i-asidi, ukusebenza kokucoca, ukuxutywa kweoli, kunye nezinye izinto.