Udongwe olusebenzayo luyi-adsorbent eyenziwe ngodongwe (ikakhulu i-bentonite) njengezinto eziluhlaza, lunyangwa nge-inorganic acidification, ityuwa okanye ezinye iindlela, luze luhlanjwe luze lomiswe ngamanzi. Lubonakala ngathi luyimpuphu emhlophe, alunavumba, alunatyhefu, kwaye lunamandla okufunxa. Lunokufunxa izinto ezinemibala kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Kulula ukufunxa umswakama emoyeni, kwaye ukulubeka ixesha elide kuya kunciphisa ukusebenza kokufunxa. Xa ulusebenzisa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba lufudumale (kungcono kuma-80-100 degrees Celsius) ukuze luvuseleleke. Nangona kunjalo, ukufudumeza ngaphezu kwama-300 degrees Celsius kuqala ukulahlekelwa ngamanzi acwebezelayo, okubangela utshintsho kwisakhiwo kwaye kuchaphazele isiphumo sokunyamalala. Udongwe olusebenzayo alunyibiliki emanzini, kwizinyibilikisi zendalo, nakwiioyile ezahlukeneyo, phantse lunyibilike ngokupheleleyo kwi-caustic soda eshushu kunye ne-hydrochloric acid, enobunzima obuyi-2.3-2.5, kwaye ludumba kancinci emanzini nakwioyile.

Udongwe olumhlophe oluvela ngokwemvelo oluneempawu zokumhlopheka ludongwe olumhlophe, olungwevu oluyilwe kakhulu yi-montmorillonite, i-albite, kunye ne-quartz, kwaye luhlobo lwe-bentonite.

Ngokuyintloko yimveliso yokubola kwamatye entaba-mlilo anjengeglasi, angandi emva kokufunxa amanzi, kwaye ixabiso le-pH yokumiswa lahlukile kwele-alkaline bentonite; Ukusebenza kwayo kokumhlopheza kubi kuneledongwe elisebenzayo. Imibala ngokubanzi ibandakanya umthubi okhanyayo, omhlophe oluhlaza, ongwevu, umbala we-olive, omdaka, omhlophe wobisi, obomvu wepetshi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njl. Zimbalwa kakhulu ezimhlophe ezicocekileyo. Ubuninzi yi-2.7-2.9g/cm. Ubuninzi obubonakalayo buhlala buphantsi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo. Ulwakhiwo lwekhemikhali lufana nolodongwe oluqhelekileyo, apho izinto eziphambili zekhemikhali ziyi-aluminium oxide, i-silicon dioxide, amanzi, kunye nenani elincinci le-iron, i-magnesium, i-calcium, njl. Akukho plasticity, kunye namandla aphezulu okufunxa. Ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu we-hydrous silicic acid, ine-asidi kwi-litmus. Amanzi athanda ukuqhekeka kwaye anomxholo ophezulu wamanzi. Ngokubanzi, okukhona ubuncinci buncinci, kokukhona amandla okususa umbala aphezulu.

Xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lomgangatho ngexesha lesigaba sokuhlola, kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwayo kokumhlophe, i-asidi, ukusebenza kokucoca, ukufunxwa kweoyile, kunye nezinye izinto.