Kaolin yi minerali non-metallic, nto leyo luhlobo lodongwe kunye nelitye lodongwe ikakhulu yakhiwe kaolinite iqela izimbiwa zodongwe.Ngenxa yembonakalo yayo emhlophe kunye nethambileyo, ikwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaba weBaiyun.Ithiywe ngeGaoling Village eJingdezhen, kwiPhondo laseJiangxi.

I-kaolin yayo esulungekileyo imhlophe, intekenteke, kwaye ithambe ngokwesimo, ineempawu ezintle zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ezifana neplastiki kunye nokumelana nomlilo.Ukubunjwa kwayo kwamaminerali kuqulunqwe ikakhulu i-kaolinite, i-halloysite, i-hydromica, i-illite, i-montmorillonite, kunye neemaminerali ezifana ne-quartz kunye ne-feldspar.I-Kaolin inoluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo, ezisetyenziswa ikakhulu ekwenzeni iphepha, iiseramikhi, kunye nezixhobo ezinqandayo, ezilandelwa ziingubo, izithambiso zerabha, i-enamel glazes, kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada yesamente emhlophe.Ngexabiso elincinci, isetyenziswe kwiplastiki, ipeyinti, i-pigments, amavili okugaya, iipensile, izimonyo zemihla ngemihla, isepha, i-pesticides, i-pharmaceuticals, i-textiles, i-petroleum, iikhemikhali, izinto zokwakha, ukukhusela isizwe kunye namanye amacandelo oshishino.

Iimpawu zenkqubo
Ubumhlophe obusongayo

Ubumhlophe ngenye yeeparameters eziphambili zeteknoloji ye-kaolin, kunye ne-kaolin ephezulu ecocekileyo imhlophe.Ubumhlophe be-kaolin bohlulwe bubumhlophe bendalo kunye nobumhlophe be-calcined.Kwizinto eziluhlaza ze-ceramic, ubumhlophe emva kokubala kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ukuphakama kobumhlophe be-calcined, bhetele umgangatho.Inkqubo yeceramic imisela ukuba ukomiswa kwi-105 ℃ ngumgangatho wokuhlela ubumhlophe bendalo, kwaye ukufakwa kwe-calcining kwi-1300 ℃ ngumgangatho wokuhlelwa wobumhlophe obubaliweyo.Ubumhlophe bunokulinganiswa kusetyenziswa imitha emhlophe.Imitha yobumhlophe ilinganisa ukuqaqamba kwe-3800-7000Å Isixhobo sokulinganisa ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kumgama wamaza we (okt, 1 angstrom=0.1 nanometers).Kwimitha emhlophe, ukubonakaliswa kwesampuli yovavanyo kuthelekiswa nesampulu eqhelekileyo (efana ne-BaSO4, i-MgO, njl.), okubangelwa ixabiso elimhlophe (njengobumhlophe be-90, elilingana ne-90% ye ukubonakaliswa kwesampulu eqhelekileyo).

Ukuqaqamba yipropathi yenkqubo efana nobumhlophe, ilingana no 4570Å Ubumhlophe obuphantsi (angstrom) iradiation yokukhanya kwamaza.

Umbala we-kaolin unxulumene kakhulu nee-oxide zetsimbi okanye i-organic matter equlethwe kuyo.Ngokubanzi iqulethe i-Fe2O3, ibonakala ibomvu kunye ne-brown yellow;Iqulethe i-Fe2+, ibonakala iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nokukhanya okuluhlaza;Iqulathe i-MnO2, ibonakala imdaka ngebala;Ukuba iqulethe izinto eziphilayo, ibonakala ngokukhanya okutyheli, grey, blue, black and other color.Obu kungcola bukhona, bunciphisa ubumhlophe bendalo be-kaolin.Phakathi kwazo, i-iron kunye ne-titanium minerals inokuchaphazela ubumhlophe be-calcined, ibangele amabala ombala okanye inyibilike izibazi kwi-porcelain.

Ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani bamasuntswana
Ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani besuntswana kubhekiselele kumyinge wamasuntswana kwi-kaolin yendalo ngaphakathi koluhlu oluqhubekayo olunikiweyo lobungakanani bamasuntswana ahlukeneyo (obonakaliswe ngeemilimitha okanye umnatha wemicrometer), ebonakaliswa ngokwepesenti yomxholo.Iimpawu zokuhanjiswa kobungakanani besuntswana le-kaolin zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni nasekusetyenzisweni kwenkqubo yeentsimbi.Ubungakanani bayo be-particle bunempembelelo enkulu kwiplastiki yayo, i-viscosity yodaka, amandla okutshintsha i-ion, ukwenza ukusebenza, ukumisa ukusebenza, kunye nokusebenza kokudubula.I-Kaolin ore ifuna ukucutshungulwa kobugcisa, kwaye nokuba kulula ukusetyenzwa kwisohlwayo esifunekayo ibe yenye yemigangatho yokuvavanya umgangatho wentsimbi.Isebe ngalinye lemizi-mveliso lineemfuno ezithile zobungakanani besuntswana kunye nokucoleka kwekaolin ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.Ukuba iUnited States ifuna i-kaolin isetyenziswe njengengubo ibe ngaphantsi kwe-2 μ Umxholo we-m ubala i-90-95%, kwaye izinto zokuzaliswa kwephepha zingaphantsi kwe-2 μ M i-akhawunti ye-78-80%.

Ukubopha ngokusonga
Ukuncamathela kubhekiselele kwisakhono se-kaolin ukudibanisa kunye nezinto ezingezo zeplastiki ekrwada ukwenza inqwaba yodaka lweplastiki kwaye ibe neqondo elithile lokomisa amandla.Ukumiselwa kwesakhono sokubopha kubandakanya ukongeza isanti yequartz esemgangathweni (kunye nokwakheka kobunzima be-0.25-0.15 ye-particle size fractioning accounting ye-70% kunye ne-0.15-0.09mm i-particle size size fraction accounting ye-30%) kwi-kaolin.Ukujonga ubude bayo ngokusekelwe kwisiqulatho sayo sesanti siphezulu xa sisakwazi ukugcina ubunzima bodongwe lweplastiki kunye namandla alo aguquguqukayo emva kokumisa, isanti eyongeziweyo yongezwa, amandla okubopha anamandla ale kaolin.Ngesiqhelo, i-kaolin eneplastiki eyomeleleyo nayo inamandla okubopha.

Ukuncamathelisa ukusonga
I-Viscosity ibhekisela kwimpawu yolwelo oluthintela ukuhamba kwayo okuhambelanayo ngenxa yokukhuhlana kwangaphakathi.Ubukhulu bayo (ukusebenza kwiyunithi ye-1 yendawo yokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi) imelwe yi-viscosity, kwiiyunithi zePa · s.Ukuzimisela kwe-viscosity ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-viscometer ejikelezayo, elinganisa isantya sokujikeleza kudaka lwe-kaolin oluqulethe i-70% umxholo oqinileyo.Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, i-viscosity ibaluleke kakhulu.Akuyona nje ipharamitha ebalulekileyo kwishishini le-ceramic, kodwa linempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwishishini lephepha.Ngokutsho kwedatha, xa usebenzisa i-kaolin njengengubo kumazwe angaphandle, i-viscosity iyadingeka ukuba ibe malunga ne-0.5Pa · s yokugqoka i-low-speed coating kunye ne-1.5Pa · s ye-coating high-speed.

Thixotropy ibhekisa kwiimpawu ezithi udaka oluthe lwajiya lube yijeli kwaye alusakwazi ukuhamba luba lulwelo emva koxinzelelo, luze lujiye lube kwindawo yokuqala emva kokuba lumile.I-coefficient yobuninzi isetyenziselwa ukumela ubungakanani bayo, kwaye ilinganiswa ngokusebenzisa i-viscometer yokuphuma kunye ne-capillary viscometer.

I-viscosity kunye ne-thixotropy ihambelana nokubunjwa kwamaminerali, ubungakanani be-particle size, kunye nohlobo lwe-cation eludakeni.Ngokubanzi, abo banomxholo ophezulu we-montmorillonite, amasuntswana amahle, kunye nesodium njengeyona ndawo inotshintshiselwano ephambili ine-viscosity ephezulu kunye ne-coefficient yokuqina.Ke ngoko, kwinkqubo, iindlela ezinjengokongeza udongwe oluphezulu lweplastiki kunye nokuphucula ukucoleka zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphucula i-viscosity yayo kunye ne-thixotropy, ngelixa iindlela ezinjengokunyusa i-electrolyte ehlanjululweyo kunye nomxholo wamanzi zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa.