IKaolin yiminerali engeyoyesinyithi, eluhlobo lodongwe nodongwe oluqulunqwe ikakhulu ziiminerali zodongwe zeqela le-kaolinite. Ngenxa yembonakalo yayo emhlophe nethambileyo, ikwaziwa njengomhlaba weBaiyun. Ithiywe ngegama leGaoling Village eJingdezhen, kwiPhondo laseJiangxi.

I-kaolin yayo ecocekileyo imhlophe, ithambile, kwaye ithambile ngobume bayo, ineempawu ezintle zomzimba nezekhemikhali ezifana ne-plasticity kunye nokumelana nomlilo. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweeminerali luquka ikakhulu i-kaolinite, i-halloysite, i-hydromica, i-illite, i-montmorillonite, kunye neeminerali ezifana ne-quartz kunye ne-feldspar. I-Kaolin inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, olusetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iphepha, iiseramikhi, kunye nezinto ezichaseneyo, kulandele ii-coating, i-raber fillers, i-enamel glazes, kunye nezinto eziluhlaza zesamente emhlophe. Ngobuninzi obuncinci, isetyenziswa kwiplastiki, ipeyinti, ii-pigment, amavili okugaya, iipensele, izinto zokuthambisa zemihla ngemihla, isepha, izibulali-zinambuzane, amayeza, amalaphu, ipetroli, iikhemikhali, izixhobo zokwakha, ukhuselo lwesizwe kunye namanye amacandelo emizi-mveliso.

Iimpawu zenkqubo
Ukuqaqamba Okumhlophe Okugoqekayo

Ubumhlophe yenye yezona parameter ziphambili zokusebenza kwetekhnoloji ye-kaolin, kwaye i-kaolin ecocekileyo kakhulu imhlophe. Ubumhlophe be-kaolin bahlulwe baba bubumhlophe bendalo kunye nobumhlophe obune-calcium. Kwizinto eziluhlaza ze-ceramic, ubumhlophe emva kwe-calcination bubaluleke ngakumbi, kwaye okukhona ubumhlophe obune-calcium buphezulu, kokukhona umgangatho uba ngcono. Inkqubo ye-ceramic imisela ukuba ukomisa kwi-105 ℃ ngumgangatho wokulinganisa ubumhlophe bendalo, kwaye i-calcining kwi-1300 ℃ ngumgangatho wokulinganisa ubumhlophe obune-calcium. Ubumhlophe bunokulinganiswa kusetyenziswa imitha yobumhlophe. Imitha yobumhlophe ilinganisa ukukhanya kwe-3800-7000Å Isixhobo sokulinganisa ukukhanya kwi-wavelength ye-(okt, 1 angstrom=0.1 nanometers). Kwimitha yobumhlophe, ukubonakaliswa kwesampulu yovavanyo kuthelekiswa noko kwesampulu eqhelekileyo (njengeBaSO4, MgO, njl.njl.), nto leyo ephumela kwixabiso lobumhlophe (njengobumhlophe obuyi-90, obulingana ne-90% yokubonakaliswa kwesampulu eqhelekileyo).

Ukukhanya yipropathi yenkqubo efana nobumhlophe, elingana ne-4570Å Ubumhlophe obuphantsi kokukhanya kwemitha (angstrom) yamaza.

Umbala we-kaolin unxulumene kakhulu nee-oxide zesinyithi okanye izinto eziphilayo ezikuyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe i-Fe2O3, ibonakala ibomvu nemdaka ngebala; Iqulethe i-Fe2+, ibonakala iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka; Iqulethe i-MnO2, ibonakala imdaka ngebala; Ukuba iqulethe izinto eziphilayo, ibonakala inombala otyheli, ongwevu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama neminye imibala. Ezi zinto zingcolileyo zikhona, zinciphisa ubumhlophe bendalo be-kaolin. Phakathi kwazo, iiminerali zesinyithi kunye ne-titanium zinokuchaphazela ubumhlophe obufakwe kwi-calcium, zibangele amabala ombala okanye amabala anyibilikayo kwi-porcelain.

Ukusasazwa kobungakanani besuntswana olugoqekayo
Ukusasazwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana kubhekisa kumlinganiselo wamasuntswana kwi-kaolin yendalo ngaphakathi koluhlu oluqhubekayo olunikiweyo lobukhulu obahlukeneyo bamasuntswana (oluchazwa ngeemilimitha okanye nge-micrometer mesh), oluchazwa ngokwepesenti yomxholo. Iimpawu zokusasazwa kobungakanani bamasuntswana e-kaolin zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni nasekusetyenzisweni kwenkqubo yee-ore. Ubungakanani bamasuntswana ayo bunempembelelo enkulu kwi-plasticity yayo, i-viscosity yodaka, amandla okutshintshiselana kwee-ion, ukusebenza kokwenza, ukusebenza kokomisa, kunye nokusebenza kokudubula. I-ore ye-kaolin ifuna ukucutshungulwa kobuchwephesha, kwaye nokuba kulula ukuyicubungula ukuya kubunzulu obufunekayo ibe ngomnye wemigangatho yokuvavanya umgangatho we-ore. Isebe ngalinye lemizi-mveliso lineemfuno ezithile zobukhulu bamasuntswana kunye nobukhulu be-kaolin ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba i-United States ifuna i-kaolin esetyenziswa njengengubo ibe ngaphantsi kwe-2 μ Umxholo we-m ubandakanya i-90-95%, kwaye izinto zokuzalisa iphepha zingaphantsi kwe-2 μ M ubandakanya i-78-80%.

Ukubopha okugobileyo
Ukunamathela kubhekisa kubuchule be-kaolin bokudibanisa nezinto ezingezizo zeplastiki ukwenza iiplastiki zodaka kwaye zibe namandla athile okomisa. Ukumisela ubuchule bokubopha kubandakanya ukongeza isanti ye-quartz eqhelekileyo (enobunzima obuyi-0.25-0.15 particle size fraction ebalelwa kwi-70% kunye ne-0.15-0.09mm particle size fraction ebalelwa kwi-30%) kwi-kaolin. Ukujonga ukuphakama kwayo ngokusekelwe kumxholo wayo ophezulu wesanti xa isakwazi ukugcina iplastiki dongwe kunye namandla ayo okuguquguquka emva kokoma, okukhona intlabathi eninzi yongezwa, kokukhona amandla okubopha ale kaolin eqinileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-kaolin ene-plasticity enamandla ikwanawo nobuchule bokubopha obunamandla.

Iglu yokusonga
Ukuqina kubhekisa kwiimpawu zolwelo oluthintela ukuhamba kwalo ngenxa yokungqubana kwangaphakathi. Ubukhulu balo (olusebenza kwindawo eyi-1 yeyunithi yokungqubana kwangaphakathi) bumelwe yi-viscosity, kwiiyunithi ze-Pa · s. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-viscosity ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-viscometer ejikelezayo, elinganisa isantya sokujikeleza kwidaka le-kaolin eliqulethe umxholo oqinileyo we-70%. Kwinkqubo yemveliso, ukuqina kubaluleke kakhulu. Ayisiyonto ibalulekileyo kuphela kwishishini le-ceramic, kodwa ikwanempembelelo enkulu kwishishini lokwenza iphepha. Ngokwedatha, xa kusetyenziswa i-kaolin njengengubo kumazwe angaphandle, ukuqina kufuneka kube malunga ne-0.5Pa · s yokugquma ngesantya esiphantsi kwaye kungaphantsi kwe-1.5Pa · s yokugquma ngesantya esiphezulu.

I-Thixotropy ibhekisa kwiimpawu zokuba i-slurry etyebileyo ibe yijeli kwaye ingasaphumi iba yi-fluid emva kokuba ixinezelekile, ize ityebe kancinci kancinci ibe yimeko yayo yokuqala emva kokuba ingashukumi. I-coefficient yobukhulu isetyenziselwa ukumela ubungakanani bayo, kwaye ilinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-outflow viscometer kunye ne-capillary viscometer.

I-viscosity kunye ne-thixotropy zinxulumene nokwakheka kweeminerali, ubungakanani beesuntswana, kunye nohlobo lwe-cation eludakeni. Ngokubanzi, ezo zinomxholo ophezulu we-montmorillonite, iisuntswana ezincinci, kunye ne-sodium njenge-cation ephambili enokutshintshwa zine-viscosity ephezulu kunye ne-thickening coefficient. Ke ngoko, kule nkqubo, iindlela ezinje ngokongeza udongwe oluplastiki kakhulu kunye nokuphucula ubunono zihlala zisetyenziswa ukuphucula i-viscosity kunye ne-thixotropy yayo, ngelixa iindlela ezinje ngokunyusa i-electrolyte exutyiweyo kunye nomthamo wamanzi zisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa.