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Ishishini leengubo zokugquma kwihlabathi liphela libona utshintsho olukhulu oluya kwiifomyula ezisekelwe emanzini, eziqhutywa yimithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo kunye neenkxalabo ezikhulayo zokuzinza. Intliziyo yolu tshintsho kukho ukufuna iimibala ezisebenza kakuhle, kwaye i-carbon black iye yavela njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukwenza iingubo ezisekelwe emanzini ezinombala omnyama onzulu kuvelisa imingeni eyahlukileyo, kwaye kulapho i-carbon black engabonakaliyo ingena khona njengotshintsho olukhulu.

Iingubo ezisekelwe emanzini ziya zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwazo okuphantsi kwe-VOC (Volatile Organic Compound), ukuba nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kunye nokulula kokucoca. Sekunjalo, ukufaka umnyama oqhelekileyo wekhabhoni kwezi nkqubo kudla ngokukhokelela ekwandeni kwe-viscosity yengubo, okubangela ukungakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle, ukwakheka kwefilimu engalinganiyo, kunye namabala ebrashi angathandekiyo. I-viscosity ephantsi yekhabhoni emnyama, uhlobo olukhethekileyo oluphuhliswe ukujongana nale micimbi, lubonelela ngesisombululo esidibanisa ubumnyama obunzulu kunye nokusebenziseka kakuhle kwiinkqubo zamanzi.

Inzuzo ephambili ye-carbon black ethambileyo kwi-coatings esekwe emanzini kukukwazi kwayo ukugcina i-viscosity ephantsi nokuba ikwi-loads ephezulu. I-carbon black eqhelekileyo, enommandla wayo ophezulu kunye namaqela omphezulu we-polar afana ne-carboxyl kunye ne-hydroxyl, isebenzisana kakhulu nee-molecule zamanzi. Olu nxibelelwano lwenza inethiwekhi enokuthi iphindaphinde kabini okanye kathathu i-viscosity ye-coating kwi-load ephantsi ye-2-3%. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-carbon black ethambileyo ephantsi iguqulwa kumphezulu kusetyenziswa ii-surfactants ezingezizo i-ionic ezifana ne-ethoxylated alcohols. Olu tshintsho lunciphisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamanzi kunye ne-carbon black, kunciphisa uxinano lwe-carbon black's surface charge, kunye ne-zeta potential eqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi--20 ukuya kwi--30 mV (ilinganiswa nge-electrophoretic light scattering). Ngenxa yoko, ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi kuyathintelwa, kuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwe-coating okugudileyo nokungaguquguqukiyo.

Umzekelo wokwenyani ovela kumenzi wepeyinti eMelika ubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-carbon black ene-viscosity ephantsi. Xa ivavanywa kwi-acrylic architectural coating esekwe emanzini kwi-2.5% loading, i-viscosity yepeyinti yahlala kwi-350-400 cP (Brookfield, 60 rpm). Xa kuthelekiswa, i-coating efanayo ne-standard carbon black yayine-viscosity ye-800-900 cP. Oku kuncipha okukhulu kwe-viscosity kuguqulelwe kwi-brush egudileyo kunye ne-roller application, kunye nefilimu eyomileyo engabonakalisi zimpawu zebrashi ezibonakalayo okanye ukuthungwa kwe-orenji.

Ukwenziwa kwefilimu yenye into ebalulekileyo apho umnyama wekhabhoni othambileyo ugqwesa khona. Iingubo ezisekelwe emanzini zixhomekeke ekuhlanganisweni kwee-polymer particles ngexesha lenkqubo yokomisa ukuze zenze ifilimu eqhubekayo, efanayo. I-viscosity ephezulu inokuphazamisa le nkqubo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphene ezifana neemingxuma, ii-cratering, okanye ukunamathelana okungekuhle. Ukusasazeka okufanayo komnyama wekhabhoni othambileyo, oqinisekiswe nge-centrifugal sedimentation, kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-carbon black particles azithinteli ukuhlanganiswa kwee-polymer particles. Iifilimu ezomileyo eziqulethe le carbon black ekhethekileyo zibonisa umphezulu ogudileyo, onexabiso elirhabaxa (Ra) le-≤0.5 μm (elilinganiswa nge-profilometry), kunye nokunamathelana okuqinileyo kwi-substrates. Umzekelo, kwikhonkrithi, amandla okunamathela okutsalwayo anokufikelela kwi-6-8 MPa (ASTM D4541), xa kuthelekiswa ne-4-5 MPa kwiifilimu ezinomnyama wekhabhoni oqhelekileyo. Kwiingubo zomthi ezisekelwe emanzini, ukwakheka kwefilimu ethambileyo akugcini nje ngokuphucula ingqolowa yendalo yomthi kodwa kukwabonelela ngokugqitywa okuhlala ixesha elide, okumelana nokukrweleka. Umenzi wefenitshala uxele iziphumo ezigqwesileyo esebenzisa i-carbon black ethambileyo kwi-polyurethane wood coatings yamanzi, apho ifenitshala egqityiweyo ibonakalisa ukugqitywa okukhazimlayo, okumnyama okulinganayo okugqamisa iinkozo zomthi kwaye kwamelana nemijikelo yokukhuhla engaphezu kwama-500 (ASTM D2486) ngaphandle kokuphela okanye ukuxobuka.

Iimpawu zombala zibaluleke ngokulinganayo kwiingubo, kwaye umnyama wekhabhoni othambileyo ongaphantsi unika ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kule ndawo. Ngombala ophezulu wokupeyinta, oqhele ukuba yi-100-110% xa kuthelekiswa nomnyama wekhabhoni oqhelekileyo (olinganiswe nge-ASTM D2805), unokufikelela kumnyama onzulu kwiingubo eziphantsi. Umthwalo we-2-2.5% wanele ukufikelela kwixabiso le-L* le-≤12 (i-CIE Lab), ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zobuhle beengubo zokwakha nezemizi-mveliso. Ukusasazwa kobukhulu bezinto ezincinci zekhabhoni emnyama ethambileyo, oqhele ukuba kuluhlu lwe-20-30 nm, kuqinisekisa umbala ofanayo ngaphandle kweethoni ezingafunekiyo, kuthintelwe imibala emdaka okanye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enokwenzeka ngeeklasi ezimnyama zekhabhoni ezingahambelaniyo. Uvavanyo lwemozulu olukhawulezileyo (ASTM G154) lubonise ukuba iingubo ze-acrylic ezisekelwe emanzini eziqulethe umnyama wekhabhoni omnyama othambileyo ongaphantsi zigcina i-80% yombala wazo wokuqala (ΔE ≤2) emva kweeyure ezingama-2000 zokuvezwa, ziphumelela kakhulu kwiingubo ezineepigment ezimnyama zendalo, ezigcina kuphela i-60% yombala wazo. Oku kuxhathisa imozulu ngendlela emangalisayo kwenza ukuba i-carbon black ethambileyo ibe lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiingubo zangaphandle ezisekelwe emanzini, ezifana neepeyinti zodonga zangaphandle kunye neentsimbi.

Kwimveliso kunye nokunikezelwa kwekhabhoni emnyama ene-viscosity ephantsi, ulawulo lomgangatho kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa zizinto ezibalulekileyo. Amanqaku akhethekileyo alungiselelwe iikhemistri ezahlukeneyo zokugquma ayafumaneka. La manqanaba agcina iipropati zomzimba ezihambelanayo, kubandakanya indawo yomphezulu we-BET engama-200-240 m²/g, ixabiso lokufunxwa kwe-DBP eliyi-90-100 cm³/100g, kunye ne-pH engathathi cala eyi-6.5-7.5 ukuthintela ukuchaphazela ukuguguleka kokugquma. Ulawulo olungqongqo lomxholo wesinyithi esinzima, one-lead ≤0.0005% kunye ne-arsenic ≤0.0003%, luqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokusingqongileyo yehlabathi efana ne-LEED kunye ne-Eurofins.

Uthungelwano ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuthungelwano lokubonelela ngekhabhoni emnyama ene-viscosity ephantsi. Iingxowa ezinyibilikayo emanzini (25 kg/ibhegi) zisetyenziselwa ukwenza kube lula ukusasazwa kwiinkqubo zamanzi, kususa isidingo sokuvula iingxowa kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wothuli kunye nongcoliseko. Kwimveliso enkulu, izikhongozeli ezinkulu ezingama-500 kg ezixhotyiswe ngeevalvu zokukhupha ezisezantsi ziyafumaneka ukuze zondliwe ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngenethiwekhi yokuthumela yehlabathi egubungela iindawo ezinkulu zokwenza izinto zokugquma eYurophu, eAsia, naseMzantsi Melika, amaxesha okuhambisa aqala kwiintsuku ezili-12-25. Iqela emva kokuthengisa libonelela ngenkxaso kwindawo.

Ixesha leposi: Sep-04-2025