Indima ye-metakaolin kwikhonkrithi

(1) Ukuphucula amandla e-samente slurry kunye ne-mortar, amandla aphezulu yenye yeempawu zekhonkrithi esebenza kakhulu. Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zokongeza i-metakaolin kukuphucula amandla e-samente mortar kunye ne-mortar.

UPoon nabanye (2001) benze uvavanyo lwamandla okuxinwa kwi-slurries zesamente enomlinganiselo wesamente yamanzi oyi-0.3, olulungiselelwe ngokutshintsha isamente yasePortland nge-0-20% (inxalenye yobunzima) ye-kaolin kunye ne-silica powder. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba amandla okuxinwa kwe-slurries zesamente ezine-5% ukuya kwi-20% ye-kaolin ayephezulu kunalawo e-reference cement kuyo yonke iminyaka, apho isamente ene-10% ye-kaolin ibonisa ukonyuka kwama-20% kwamandla kwiintsuku ezingama-28 kunye nama-90 xa kuthelekiswa ne-reference cement. Isamente equlethe i-5% ukuya kwi-10% ye-silica powder ikwabonise ukonyuka kwama-20% kwamandla kwiintsuku ezingama-28 kunye nama-90 xa kuthelekiswa ne-reference cement. Amandla ayo kwi-28d kunye ne-90d alingana nalawo e-kaolin cement, kodwa amandla ayo okuqala aphantsi kune-benchmark cement. Uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba oku kunokunxulunyaniswa nokuhlanganiswa okukhulu komgubo we-silicon osetyenzisiweyo kunye nokungasasazeki ngokwaneleyo kwi-slurry yesamente.

(2) ULi Keliang nabanye (2005) bafunde ngemiphumo yobushushu be-calcination, ixesha le-calcination, kunye nomxholo we-SiO2 kunye ne-A12O3 kwi-kaolin kumsebenzi we-metakaolin ukuphucula amandla ekhonkrithi yesamente. Iipolymers zekhonkrithi ezinamandla aphezulu kunye nomhlaba zalungiswa kusetyenziswa i-metakaolin. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba xa umxholo we-kaolin uyi-15% kwaye umlinganiselo wesamente yamanzi uyi-0.4, amandla oxinzelelo lweentsuku ezingama-28 yi-71.9 MPa. Xa umxholo we-kaolin uyi-10% kwaye umlinganiselo wesamente yamanzi uyi-0.375, amandla oxinzelelo lweentsuku ezingama-28 yi-73.9 MPa. Ngaphezu koko, xa umxholo we-metakaolin uyi-10%, isalathisi somsebenzi wayo sifikelela kwi-114, ephakame nge-11.8% kunomlinganiselo ofanayo we-silicon powder. Ke ngoko, kukholelwa ukuba i-metakaolin ingasetyenziselwa ukulungiselela ikhonkrithi enamandla aphezulu.

UQian Xiaoqian nabanye (2001) bafunde ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo lwe-axial tensile kunye noxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi kunye nomxholo we-kaolin ongu-0, 0.5%, 10%, kunye ne-15%. Bafumanise ukuba ngokwanda komxholo we-kaolin, uxinzelelo oluphezulu loxinzelelo lwe-axial lwekhonkrithi lwanda kakhulu, kwaye i-tensile elastic modulus yahlala ingatshintshanga. Nangona kunjalo, amandla oxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi anda kakhulu, kwaye umlinganiselo wamandla oxinzelelo wehla ngokufanayo. Xa umxholo we-kaolin uyi-15%, amandla oxinzelelo kunye namandla oxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi yi-128% kunye ne-184% yekhonkrithi ebhekisayo, ngokwahlukeneyo.

UCao Zhengliang nabanye (2004) bafumanise kuphando lwabo ngesiphumo sokuqinisa umgubo we-ultrafine we-metakaolin kwikhonkrithi ukuba, phantsi kokuguquguquka okufanayo, umdaka oqulethe i-10% ye-metakaolin wonyuse amandla awo oxinzelelo kunye namandla okuguquguquka nge-6% ukuya kwi-8% emva kweentsuku ezingama-28. Uphuhliso lwamandla okuqala lwekhonkrithi exutywe ne-metakaolin lwalukhawuleza kakhulu kunolwekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nekhonkrithi esemgangathweni, ikhonkrithi equlethe i-15% ye-metakaolin inokwanda kwe-84% kumandla oxinzelelo lwe-3D axial kunye nokwanda kwe-80% kumandla oxinzelelo lwe-28d axial, ngelixa i-static elastic modulus inokwanda kwe-9% kwi-3D kunye nokwanda kwe-8% kwi-28d.

UHuang Zhan nabanye (2008) bafunde ngempembelelo yokuxubana okwahlukeneyo kwe-metakaolin kunye ne-slag kumandla kunye nokuqina kwekhonkrithi. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-metakaolin kwikhonkrithi ye-slag kuphucula amandla kunye nokuqina kwekhonkrithi. Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-slag kwisamente umalunga ne-3:7, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kubekho amandla afanelekileyo ekhonkrithi. Umahluko we-arch yekhonkrithi edibeneyo uphezulu kancinci kunekhonkrithi enye ye-slag, ngenxa yesiphumo sothuthu lwentaba-mlilo se-metakaolin. Amandla ayo okuxinana aqhekekayo aphezulu kunekhonkrithi eqingqiweyo.

UYang Fengling nabanye (2011) basebenzise izixa ezilinganayo ze-metakaolin, uthuthu oluyimpukane, kunye ne-slag endaweni yesamente, kwaye baxube i-metakaolin ngokwahlukeneyo nothuthu oluyimpukane kunye ne-slag ukulungiselela ikhonkrithi. Ubuchule bokusebenza, amandla okuxinzelela, kunye nokuqina kwekhonkrithi kufundwe. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba xa i-kaolin isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha i-5% ukuya kwi-25% yesamente ngokulinganayo, amandla okuxinzelela ekhonkrithi kuyo yonke iminyaka aphuculwe; Xa i-kaolin isetyenziswa ngamanani alinganayo ukutshintsha isamente ngama-20%, amandla okuxinzelela kuyo yonke iminyaka afanelekile. Amandla kwi-3d, 7d, kunye ne-28d angama-26.0%, 14.3%, kunye ne-8.9% aphezulu kunalawo ekhonkrithi ngaphandle kokongeza i-kaolin, ngokulandelelana. Oku kubonisa ukuba kwisamente yohlobo lwesibini lwasePortland, ukongezwa kwe-metakaolin kunokuphucula amandla ekhonkrithi elungisiweyo.

UZhang Chengbo nabanye (2012) basebenzise i-steel slag, i-metakaolin, kunye nezinye izinto njengezinto eziphambili zokulungisa isamente ye-geopolymer ukuze ithathe indawo yesamente yendabuko yasePortland, ukufezekisa injongo yokonga amandla, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokuguqula inkunkuma ibe yingcebo. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba xa umxholo wentsimbi kunye nomxholo wothuthu oluphaphazelayo zombini zaziyi-20%, amandla ebhloko yovavanyo kwiintsuku ezingama-28 afikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu (95.5MPa). Njengoko ubungakanani be-steel slag eyongeziweyo busanda, inokudlala indima ethile ekunciphiseni ukuncitshiswa kwesamente ye-geopolymer.

UChen Guocan (2010) wamkela indlela yobuchwephesha ethi “iPortland cement+active mineral admixture+high-efficiency water reducing agent”, iteknoloji yekhonkrithi yamanzi enemagnethi kunye nenkqubo yokulungiselela eqhelekileyo, waza wenza iimvavanyo zokulungiselela kwikhonkrithi ye-slag yamatye enekhabhoni ephantsi esebenzisa izinto eziluhlaza ezifumaneka apha ekhaya ezifana namatye kunye ne-slag. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba idosi efanelekileyo ye-metakaolin yi-10%. Umlinganiselo wobunzima namandla wesamente ngeyunithi nganye yobunzima bekhonkrithi ye-slag yamatye enamandla aphezulu malunga ne-4.17 ngokuphindwe kayi-concrete eqhelekileyo, ngokuphindwe kayi-2.49 ngokuphindwe kayi-concrete enamandla aphezulu (HSC), kunye nokuphindwe kayi-2.02 ngokuphindwe kayi-concrete ye-reactive powder (RPC). Ke ngoko, ikhonkrithi ye-slag yamatye enamandla aphezulu elungiselelwe ngesamente yedosi ephantsi yindlela yophuhliso lwekhonkrithi kwixesha le-low-carbon economy.

(3) Emva kokongeza i-kaolin enokumelana neqhwa kwikhonkrithi, ubungakanani bembobo yekhonkrithi buyancitshiswa kakhulu, nto leyo ephucula umjikelo wokuqandisa kwekhonkrithi. UFeng Naiqian (2002) ufumanise ukuba phantsi kwenani elithile lemijikelo yokuqandisa, i-modulus ye-elastic yesampulu yekhonkrithi enomxholo we-15% kaolin kwiintsuku ezingama-28 ubudala iphezulu kakhulu kunekhonkrithi esetyenzisiweyo kwiintsuku ezingama-28 ubudala. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-metakaolin kunye nezinye ii-mineral ultrafine powders kwikhonkrithi kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kokuqina kwekhonkrithi.