Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali zeebhisikithi ezidadayo ikakhulu yi-silicon dioxide kunye ne-aluminium oxide. Ineempawu ezininzi ezifana namasuntswana amancinci, umgodi, ubunzima obulula, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuthintelwa komlilo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwenye yezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kushishino oluchasayo.