Isiganeko sikaSeptemba 18 sowe-1931 asizange sizise nje kuphela ukuhlalwa komkhosi eMntla-mpuma weTshayina—sikwabangele nefuthe lokuchasana kwabantu abaqhelekileyo okukhokelwa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Ukususela kubalimi nabasebenzi ukuya kubafundi nootitshala, amadoda nabafazi bayo yonke iminyaka neemvelaphi badibana ukuze bakhusele amakhaya abo, uluntu lwabo, kunye nendlela yabo yokuphila nxamnye nohlaselo lwaseJapan. Olu xhathiso, nangona ludla ngokunganakwa kwiingxelo zembali ezibanzi, lwalububungqina bokuqina kunye nesibindi sabantu baseMntla-mpuma weTshayina.

Kwiinyanga ezalandelayo, amaqela afanayo aphuma kulo lonke elaseMpuma-mpuma, enamagama anjenge-"Northeast Volunteer Army," "Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army," kunye ne-"People's Liberation Army of Northeast China." Le mikhosi yayahluka ngobukhulu—eminye yayinamalungu ambalwa nje, ngelixa eminye yanda yaya kumawaka—kodwa yonke yayinenjongo efanayo: ukugxotha imikhosi yaseJapan kwilizwe layo. I-Jilin People's Self-Defense Force, umzekelo, yalungiselela uthungelwano "lweeyunithi zeentsapho" apho yonke imizi yajoyina khona eli phulo. Kwenye ilali, usapho lakwaZhang—utata, oonyana ababini, kwanentombi eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala—bonke balwa kunye, intombi isebenzisa ulwazi lwayo lweyeza lezityalo ukunyanga abonzakeleyo.

Amaqhinga asetyenziswa yile mikhosi yokuzithandela ayelungiselelwe umhlaba waloo mmandla, owawuquka amahlathi axineneyo, amathafa amakhulu, kunye neendawo ezineentaba. Babethembele kwimfazwe yamagorha, behlasela ngequbuliso kwiindawo zaseJapan, behlasela iinqanawa zokuhambisa iimpahla, kwaye betshabalalisa imizila kaloliwe ukuphazamisa imisebenzi yomkhosi waseJapan. Umzekelo, ngo-Okthobha 1931, iqela elincinci lamavolontiya emazantsi eLiaoning lahlasela uloliwe womkhosi waseJapan, litshabalalisa izixhobo kunye nezixhobo kwaye likhulula amabanjwa aseTshayina awayethuthwa eJapan. Olu hlaselo lunesibindi, olukhokelwa ngumsebenzi wangaphambili kaloliwe ogama linguLi Dawei, lwasebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe olusondeleyo lwemizila ukuze lukhuphe uloliwe kwindawo ekude. NgoDisemba waloo nyaka, amavolontiya kwiPhondo laseJilin aqalisa uhlaselo oludibeneyo kwikampu yaseJapan eChangchun, ethimba okwethutyana iindawo zesixeko ngaphambi kokuba anyanzeleke ukuba arhoxe ngenxa yamandla aphezulu omlilo aseJapan. Abalwi bokuchasana bajolise ngokusesikweni kwindawo yokugcina izixhobo zebharaki, bayitshisa ngezixhobo zokutshisa ezenziwe ngeparafini kunye neebhotile zeglasi.

Okwenza la majoni okuzithandela aphawuleke kakhulu yayikukwazi kwawo ukusinda nokusebenza nangona ayenqongophele kakhulu izixhobo, ukutya, kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Amavolontiya amaninzi alwa ngeemipu ezindala, amakrele, okanye nezixhobo zasefama, ngelixa amanye ayexhomekeke kwiminikelo evela kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni yokutya kunye neempahla. Amafama asekuhlaleni ayedla ngokubonelela ngamavolontiya indawo yokuhlala, ebafihla kumajoni aseJapan kwaye ebelana ngesivuno sabo esincinci. Kwingingqi yaseYanji, abemi belali bemba uthungelwano lweetonela ezingaphantsi komhlaba phantsi kwamakhaya abo, bedala ii-bunkers ezifihlakeleyo apho abalwi babenokuphumla khona kwaye baphile. Oogqirha kunye nabongikazi, abaqeqeshweyo nabaqeqeshwe ngokwabo, baseka izibhedlele zesikhashana emiqolombeni okanye kwizakhiwo ezilahliweyo, benyanga amajoni awenzakeleyo ngezixhobo zonyango ezimbalwa. UGqr. Wang Meiling, ophumelele kwiPeking Union Medical College, wenza i-anesthesia esebenzisa amayeza emveli aseTshayina kwaye wenza utyando olusindisa ubomi ngeempahla zasekhitshini ezicociweyo.

Abafundi kunye neengqondi nabo badlale indima ebalulekileyo kumzabalazo. Kwizixeko ezifana neShenyang neHarbin, abafundi baseyunivesithi baququzelela amaqela afihlakeleyo ukuze basasaze i-propaganda yokulwa nokubanjwa kwabantu. Basasaza amaphecana achaza izenzo zobundlobongela baseJapan, babhala amanqaku kumaphephandaba afihlakeleyo, kwaye babamba iintlanganiso eziyimfihlo ukuze bacebe imibhikisho kunye nokungavumi iimpahla zaseJapan. Umzekelo, i-"Snowflake Society" kwiHarbin Institute of Technology, yaphuhlisa inkqubo yekhowudi ephucukileyo yokuthutha iincwadi ezingavumelekanga. Bashicilela imibongo yoguquko kwiphepha lerayisi, eyayinokunyibilikiswa emanzini ize ivuselelwe ngabashicileli abanovelwano. Abafundi abaninzi bashiya izikolo zabo ukuze bajoyine imikhosi yokuzithandela, besebenzisa imfundo yabo ukunceda ngesicwangciso, unxibelelwano, kunye nothutho. Iqela labafundi bobunjineli abavela kwiShenyang Institute of Technology bayila uthotho lweebhombu zomhlaba ezenziwe ngobuchule besebenzisa imibhobho yesinyithi elahliweyo kunye nomgubo omnyama, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kohlaselo lwabavukeli.

Abafazi babeyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yentshukumo yomzabalazo. Nangona abafazi abaninzi bajoyina imikhosi yokuzithandela njengabahlengikazi okanye abathunywa, abanye baseka imibutho yabo ukuxhasa le njongo. KwiPhondo laseLiaoning, iqela labasetyhini laseka "i-Northeast Women's Anti-Japanese Salvation Association," eyayiqokelela imali yemikhosi yokuzithandela, ithunga iimpahla zamajoni, kwaye inyamekela iintsapho zabo babesilwa. Inkokeli yombutho, uMadame Zhao, waqulunqa indlela ekhethekileyo yokuqokelela imali: waququzelela "imibhikisho engathethiyo" apho abafazi babehlanganisana kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke beluka iisweta zemikhosi, kunye nomthungo ngamnye umele umnikelo. Abafazi badlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuqokeleleni ulwazi, besebenzisa iindima zabo njengabanini bamakhaya kunye nabathengisi bemarike ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga nokuhamba kwemikhosi yaseJapan kwaye baludlulisele kwiinkokeli zomzabalazo. EMukden (ngoku eyiShenyang), inethiwekhi yabathengisi abangabasetyhini kwiMarike yaseNanmen yadala inkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yemiqondiso yezandla kunye neencoko ezibhalwe ngekhowudi ukudlulisa ulwazi malunga neeshedyuli zokujikeleza zaseJapan.

Imizamo yokuchasa yabantu baseMantla-mpuma baseTshayina yaba nefuthe elikhulu ekuthathweni kwemikhosi yaseJapan. Nangona babengenakukwazi ukugxotha imikhosi yaseJapan kuloo mmandla ngoko nangoko, banyanzela uMkhosi wakwantung ukuba utshintshe izixhobo ezibalulekileyo ukuze ucinezele ukuchasa, nto leyo eyanciphisa izicwangciso zokwandisa iJapan. Iirekhodi ezivela kwiingxelo zomkhosi waseJapan zibonisa ukuba ngo-1933, imikhosi engaphezu kwama-30,000 yayibotshelelwe kwimisebenzi yokulwa noohlongandlebe eManchuria. Bakwakhuthaza abantu kulo lonke elaseTshayina ukuba bajoyine intshukumo yokuchasa yesizwe, bebeka isiseko seMfazwe ebanzi yokuChasa iJapan eya kuqala ngo-1937. Izenzo zobugorha zamavolontiya aseMantla-mpuma zabhalwa kuthotho lweencwadana ezisasazwa ngasese ezinesihloko esithi “Amabali okuChasa,” ezafuneka ukuba zifundwe ngabantu abatsha abaqeshwe kwiMpi yoVuselelo yeSizwe saseTshayina.

Namhlanje, amabali aba balwi bokuchasana nabantu ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yelifa leSiganeko se-18 kaSeptemba. Asikhumbuza ukuba nangamaxesha anzima kakhulu, abantu abaqhelekileyo banamandla okumela okulungileyo. Akwagxininisa ukubaluleka koluntu, umanyano, kunye nesibindi xa bejamelene nengcinezelo—umyalezo ohlala ubalulekile kubantu kwihlabathi liphela namhlanje. Isikhumbuzo soKuchasana saseManchurian esivulwe kutshanje eChangchun sibonisa imiboniso esebenzisana nayo, kuquka imifanekiso yemijelo ye-guerrilla kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-holographic yeemfazwe ezibalulekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba la mabali obugorha ayaqhubeka nokukhuthaza izizukulwana ezizayo.