I-Silica, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-white carbon black, yi-silica eyenziweyo engenasimo (SiO₂·nH₂O) enendawo ephezulu, amandla okuqinisa agqwesileyo kunye neempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo. Yimpuphu emhlophe, engenatyhefu, engenavumba, eyaziwayo njengezinto ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza kwimizi-mveliso yerabha kunye ne-polymer yanamhlanje. Ngokungafaniyo ne-carbon black, i-silica inika zombini ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuhambelana kombala oqaqambileyo, okwenza ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu kwiitayara eziluhlaza, iimpahla zerabha ezinemibala kunye nee-elastomers ezisebenzayo eziphezulu.
Imveliso ye-silica yemizi-mveliso ikakhulu iyasetyenziswaindlela yokuna kwemvulakwayeindlela evuthayo. I-silica evuthulukileyoiveliswa ngokuphendula i-sodium silicate kunye ne-asidi, kulandele ukuhlamba, ukomisa kunye nokusila; inomphezulu othile ophakathi (150–400 m²/g) kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, elifanelekileyo kumatayara kunye nerabha eqhelekileyo. I-Fumed silica yenziwe yi-hydrolysis ephezulu yobushushu be-silicon halide, kunye namaqhekeza amancinci (10–40 nm), ubumsulwa obuphezulu kakhulu (SiO₂ ≥99.8%) kunye nesakhiwo se-3D chain, esifanelekileyo kwiingubo eziphezulu, izincamathelisi kunye ne-elektroniki.
Iingenelo eziphambili ze-silica zikwiukuqinisa, ukuqina/thixotropy, ukuthintela ukuhla kunye nozinzo lweekhemikhali. Kwirabha, yonyusa amandla okutsalwa ngama-200–300%, iphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka kwaye inciphisa ukumelana nokuqengqeleka ngama-20–30%. Kwiinkqubo zolwelo, yenza inethiwekhi eguqukayo: ityebile xa iphumla, incinci phantsi kokucheba, ifanelekile kwiingubo kunye nee-inki. Ayinyibiliki emanzini nakwizinyibilikisi ezininzi, ayitshisi kwaye ayitshi, iqinisekisa uzinzo kwiindawo ezinzima.
Eyona sicelo sikhulu yileishishini lerabha (isabelo esingu-≈58%), ingakumbi amatayara aluhlaza. Ukutshintsha i-30–50% yekhabhoni emnyama nge-silica kunciphisa ukumelana nokuqengqeleka, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli nge-5–7% kwaye kuphucula ukumelana nokutyibilika okumanzi. Ikwasetyenziswa kwizihlangu, kwiipayipi, kwiiseal nakwiimveliso ze-silicone ukuze ihlale ixesha elide kwaye iqhubekeke kakuhle. Kwiingubo/ii-inki, i-silica isebenza njenge-anti-settling, ulawulo lwe-rheology kunye ne-matting agent. Kwezolimo, isebenza njengomthwali kunye nomsasazi wezinambuzane kunye nezichumisi.
Ukukhetha umgangatho kugxileindawo ethile yomphezulu, usasazo lobungakanani bamasuntswana, i-pH kunye nokufuma. I-silica esemgangathweni ophezulu inobuncinci obuhlala bucolekile, ukungcola okuncinci kunye nokusasazeka okuhle. Njengomthengisi oqeqeshiweyo, sinikezela nge-silica yomgangatho ngerabha, yomgangatho wokugquma kunye neyomgangatho wokutya kunye nomgangatho ozinzileyo kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa.
Xa kuthelekiswa nomnyama wekhabhoni, i-silica inikezelaukuhambelana kombala, ukumelana okuphantsi kokuqengqeleka kunye nozinzo olungcono lwe-UVAyisiyonto yokuzalisa nje kuphela kodwa ikwayiyo eyomeleza ukusebenza kwezixhobo zanamhlanje. Ngokukhula kwamatayara aluhlaza kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu, i-silica isabalulekile.
Siziingcali kwimveliso kunye nokubonelela nge-silica, sinikezela ngamanqanaba alungiselelwe wena kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla eninzi. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha, iisampulu kunye namaxabiso, nxibelelana nathi nangaliphi na ixesha.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-15-2026