I-Bentonite powder erhwebayo eguquguqukayo ephucula amandla okubola komphezulu wokugqiba kunye nozinzo lwemveliso kwi-ferrous
Inkcazo emfutshane:
I-Bentonite powder yiminerali yodongwe eyenzeka ngokwemvelo eyenziwe ngotshintsho lwexesha elide lwe-geological lothuthu lwentaba-mlilo kunye namatye e-silicate, inesakhiwo sekristale esahlukileyo esixhasa ukusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kwizicelo zoshishino, ngakumbi kwicandelo le-foundry. Le powder ithambileyo nethambileyo ineempawu zayo ezifana nokufunxwa kwamanzi okunamandla, amandla okudumba amangalisayo, amandla okubopha aphezulu, uzinzo oluhle kakhulu lobushushu, kunye nokusasazeka okufanayo, konke oku kwenza ukuba ibe yinto eluhlaza engenakutshintshwa kwimisebenzi yanamhlanje ye-foundry. I-Bentonite powder isebenza njengecandelo eliphambili lokubopha kwiinkqubo zesanti zokubumba i-foundry, isebenza njengomqolo obamba amasuntswana esanti kunye ukwenza ii-molds eziqinileyo nezichanekileyo ngokwemilinganiselo kunye nee-cores zeenkqubo zokubumba isinyithi. Indima yayo kushishino lwe-foundry idlula ngaphaya kokubopha okulula, ichaphazela onke amanqanaba emveliso yokubumba, ukusuka ekuxubeni isanti kunye nokubumba i-mold ukuya ekuthululweni kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, ukuqina, kunye nokushukuma, ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-castings ezigqityiweyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye neendleko zokusebenza ngokubanzi ze-foundry kwihlabathi liphela.
Kwishishini lokwenziwa kwezinto zokubumba, i-bentonite powder isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-green sand molding, eyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yehlabathi, exhomekeke ekuveliseni uluhlu olubanzi lwe-ferrous kunye ne-non-ferrous metal castings. I-green sand, eyenziwe ikakhulu yi-silica sand, i-bentonite powder, amanzi, kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci ezincedisayo, ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi-bentonite powder ukwenza umanyano oludibeneyo phakathi kweenkozo zesanti nganye. Xa i-bentonite powder ixutywe namanzi, isakhiwo sayo esinamaleko siyadumba kakhulu, senze ifilimu encinci, enamathelayo egubungela isuntswana ngalinye lesanti kwaye iwadibanise kwi-mass edibeneyo. Le ndlela yokubopha iyakwazi ukutshintshwa kwaye iguquguquke, ivumela umxube wesanti eluhlaza ukuba ubumbeke ngokulula ube ziimo ezintsonkothileyo, uhlanganiswe ngokulinganayo, kwaye ugcine imo yawo ngexesha lokuphathwa, ukuthuthwa, kunye nesigaba esibalulekileyo sokuthululwa kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. Ngaphandle kwe-bentonite powder, i-green sand molding ayinakwenzeka, njengoko i-free sand ingenalo ulungelelwano lwesakhiwo lokumelana nobushushu obukhulu kunye noxinzelelo lwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo, okukhokelela ekuweni kwe-mold, iziphene ze-cast, kunye nokungaphumeleli kwemveliso.
Ukusebenza kokubopha kwe-bentonite powder kulawula ngokuthe ngqo amandla aluhlaza e-foundry molds, ipharamitha ephambili echaza amandla e-mold okugcina imo yayo kunye nokumelana nokuguquguquka ngexesha lokuphathwa ngesandla nangoomatshini. I-bentonite powder esemgangathweni ophezulu yenza unxibelelwano oluqinileyo kodwa oluguquguqukayo phakathi kwamasuntswana esanti, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-molds ayiqhekeki, ayiqhekeki, okanye ayilahlekelwa ngokuchanekileyo xa isuswa kwizikhululo zokubumba ukuya kwimigca yokugalela, okanye xa ibekwe ngaphakathi kweeflaski zokubumba. Olu kuqina oluluhlaza oluqinileyo lubalulekile kuzo zombini ii-foundries ezincinci zesandla kunye nemigca yokubumba ezenzekelayo enkulu, apho ukuthembeka kwe-mold okuhlala kusenzeka kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwemveliso kunye namazinga okulahlwa. I-Bentonite powder eneempawu ezifanelekileyo zokudumba kunye nokubopha iqinisekisa ukuba ne-molds ezintsonkothileyo ezineenxalenye ezincinci, imingxuma enzulu, kunye ne-contours ezithambileyo zibamba imo yazo ngokugqibeleleyo, okuvumela ukuveliswa kwe-castings ezintsonkothileyo ezisetyenziswa kwicandelo lezithuthi, oomatshini, ulwakhiwo, kunye nezixhobo zoshishino.
Ngaphaya kwamandla aluhlaza, i-bentonite powder inegalelo elikhulu kumandla ashushu e-foundry molds, uphawu olubalulekileyo oluvumela i-molds ukuba imelane namaqondo obushushu atshisayo e-metal enyibilikisiweyo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukubola. Xa i-iron enyibilikisiweyo, intsimbi, okanye iintsimbi ezingezizo i-ferrous ezifana ne-aluminium kunye nobhedu zigalelwa kwi-molds, ubushushu obukhulu bukhupha ngokukhawuleza umswakama oseleyo kwisanti eluhlaza kwaye bubangele utshintsho lobushushu kwi-bentonite powder binder. I-bentonite powder yodidi oluphezulu igcina uzinzo lwayo lwesakhiwo phantsi kwezi meko zobushushu obugqithisileyo, ithintela udonga lwe-mold ukuba lungawi, lubole, okanye luqhekeke njengoko intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo igcwalisa umngxuma we-mold kwaye iqina. La mandla ashushu aqinisekisa ukuba i-casting igcina imo echanekileyo kunye nobukhulu be-mold, isusa iziphene ezifana nokungena kwesinyithi, ukufakwa kwesanti, kunye nokuphambuka kobukhulu obuya kwenza i-castings ingasebenzi. Ii-Foundries zixhomekeke kwi-bentonite powder ukubonelela ngamandla ashushu ahambelanayo kuzo zonke iindlela ze-casting, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yobukhulu kunye nomgangatho.
Enye into ebalulekileyo kwi-bentonite powder kwi-foundry kukuzibopha kwayo okugqwesileyo, okwenza kube lula inkqubo yokuzibopha emva kokubumba kwaye kunciphisa ukuguguleka komsebenzi kunye nezixhobo. Emva kokuba isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo siqine kwaye siphole ukuya kubushushu obulawulekayo, i-bonded sand mold kufuneka yahlulwe ukuze kukhutshwe i-casting egqityiweyo, kwaye i-sand mold iphinda isetyenziswe ukuze isetyenziswe kwakhona. Isakhiwo sokubopha se-Bentonite powder siba buthathaka ngokuqikelelwayo njengoko i-mold iphola, ivumela i-sand ukuba yophuke lula phantsi kokungcangcazela koomatshini okanye ukuchaphazeleka ngexesha lokuzibopha, ngaphandle kokushiya iintsalela ze-sand eziqinileyo neziqinileyo zinamathele kumphezulu wokubopha. Oku kuzibopha okuphezulu akukhawulezisi nje kuphela ukuhamba kwemveliso ngokunciphisa ixesha elichithwa ekukhupheni i-casting kodwa kunciphisa nomonakalo kwi-castings ngexesha lokuyibopha, njengokukrwela, ukugungqa, okanye imiphetho ephukileyo. Ukongeza, i-bentonite powder yenza kube lula ukubuyiselwa kwesanti ngokufanelekileyo, njengoko i-sand ephukileyo inokuhlolwa ngokulula, icocwe, kwaye ixutywe kwakhona ne-bentonite powder entsha kunye namanzi, kunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto eziluhlaza kwaye kunciphisa iindleko zemveliso eziqhubekayo kwiindawo zokubopha zazo zonke iisayizi.
I-Bentonite powder ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukugqitywa komphezulu wezinto zesinyithi ezibunjiweyo, i-metric yomgangatho ophambili emisela ukufaneleka kwe-castings zokusetyenziswa kokugqibela ngaphandle komatshini omkhulu wesibini. Ubungakanani besuntswana elincinci kunye nokusasazeka okufanayo kwe-bentonite powder kuqinisekisa ukuba umxube wesanti eluhlaza wenza umphezulu wesikhunta ogudileyo, oxineneyo onezimbobo ezincinci kunye nokungalungelelani. Xa isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo singena kule ndawo yesikhunta egudileyo, siphinda ubume bomphezulu wesikhunta ngokuchanekileyo, nto leyo ephumela kwi-castings eneendawo ezicocekileyo, ezilinganayo ezingenamingxunya yesanti, amabala arhabaxa, kunye nezinye iziphene zomphezulu. Olu kugqitywa komphezulu oluphuculweyo lunciphisa isidingo semisebenzi yokugaya, ukugaya, kunye nokupolisha ebiza kakhulu nethatha ixesha, kuphucula inkqubo yemveliso kunye nokuphucula imveliso iyonke. Kwi-castings echanekileyo esetyenziswa kwiinjini zeemoto, iinkqubo ze-hydraulic, kunye noomatshini abachanekileyo, ukugqitywa komphezulu ogudileyo okwenziwa yi-bentonite powder kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukulingana okufanelekileyo, ukusebenza, kunye nokusebenza kwecandelo lokugqibela.
Kwimveliso yee-cores ze-foundry, ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza imingxunya yangaphakathi, imingxunya, kunye neejiometri zangaphakathi ezintsonkothileyo kwi-castings, i-bentonite powder isebenza njengearhente yokubopha ethembekileyo kwimixube yesanti esisiseko. Ii-cores zijongene neemeko ezinzima ngakumbi kunee-molds zangaphandle, njengoko zijikelezwe ngokupheleleyo yintsimbi enyibilikisiweyo kwaye zichatshazelwa kubushushu obude obude ngexesha lokuphosa. I-Bentonite powder inika amandla afunekayo kunye nokuzinza kobushushu kwii-cores, iwathintela ekutshintsheni, ekuqhekekeni, okanye ekuqhekekeni ngexesha lokugalelwa kwesinyithi kunye nokuqina. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu zangaphakathi ze-castings zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, ngobungakanani obuhambelanayo kunye neendawo zangaphakathi ezigudileyo. Imixube yesanti esisiseko esekelwe kwi-Bentonite powder kulula ukuyilungisa, ukuyibumba, kunye nokubhaka, inika enye indlela engabizi kakhulu kwii-cores ezibotshelelwe yi-resin kwizicelo ezininzi ze-castings ezisemgangathweni, okwenza ukuba ibe yinto ephambili kwi-foundries ezincinci kunye ne-foundries ezinkulu zemveliso.
Ukulungelelana kwe-bentonite powder kwenza ukuba ifaneleke kuzo zonke iintlobo zeenkqubo zokubumba isinyithi kwishishini le-foundry, ezigubungela iintsimbi ze-ferrous ezifana ne-grey iron, i-ductile iron, kunye ne-carbon steel, kunye neentsimbi ezingezizo ze-ferrous kuquka ii-aluminium alloys, i-bronze, kunye ne-bronze. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesinyithi lufuna iimpawu ezithile ze-mold, kwaye i-bentonite powder ingenziwa ukuze ihlangabezane nezi mfuno zikhethekileyo ngokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wokuxuba nesanti namanzi, okanye ngokusebenzisa amanqanaba e-bentonite powder acutshungulwe ngokukodwa. Kwi-iron casting, equka amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu esinyithi anyibilikisiweyo, i-bentonite powder inika amandla ashushu angaqhelekanga kunye nokuzinza kobushushu ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwe-mold. Kwi-aluminium kunye nezinye i-non-ferrous metal casting, i-bentonite powder inika iindawo ezigudileyo ze-mold kunye nokugoba okuhle kakhulu, iqinisekisa ukwenziwa kwe-castings ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, ezingenaziphene kunye neenkcukacha zomphezulu omncinci. Oku kuguquguquka kususa imfuneko yee-agents ezininzi zokubopha ezikhethekileyo, kwenza lula ulawulo lwezinto eziluhlaza ze-foundry kwaye kuncitshiswe ubunzima bokusebenza.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zepowder ye-bentonite ziyacutshungulwa ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshishino lwe-foundry lwehlabathi, apho idigri nganye yenzelwe ukubonelela ngeempawu ezithile zokusebenza kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zokubumba. I-sodium bentonite powder, idigri esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-foundry, inika amandla aphezulu okudumba, amandla okubopha, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu, okwenza ukuba ilungele imisebenzi yokubumba isinyithi ye-ferrous ephezulu, enobushushu obuphezulu. Iimpawu zayo zokufunxa amanzi kunye nokubopha kwayo ziqinisekisa amandla kunye nokusebenza okulinganayo kokubumba, nokuba kukwimigca ye-foundry ezenzekelayo enkulu. I-calcium bentonite powder, nangona inomthamo wokudumba ophantsi kancinci, inika ukusebenza okuhle kokubumba kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwi-foundry ezincinci, i-non-ferrous metal casting, kunye nokusetyenziswa apho kungafuneki ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu. I-activated bentonite powder, ecutshungulwa ukuphucula iimpawu zayo zokubumba kunye nokudumba, inika ukusebenza okuphezulu kokubumba ngokuchanekileyo, i-castings ezixineneyo, kunye nemveliso yezinto ezintsonkothileyo, apho umgangatho wokubumba kunye nokuchaneka kokubumba kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukulungiswa kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho we-bentonite powder yokusetyenziswa kwe-foundry kungqongqo, kuqinisekisa ukuba iyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokusebenza engqongqo efunekayo ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezifanayo zokubumba. I-ore ye-bentonite eluhlaza ikhutshwa kwiidiphozithi zezimbiwa ezikhethiweyo ngononophelo, emva koko ityunyuzwe, igutywe ibe yi-powder ecolekileyo, kwaye icocwe ukuze kususwe ukungcola okufana ne-gravel, izinto eziphilayo, kunye nezinye iiminerali ezinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo kokubopha. Ubungakanani be-particle ye-bentonite powder bulawulwa ngokuqinileyo, njengoko amasuntswana amancinci eqinisekisa ukusasazeka okungcono kwimixube yesanti, ukugqunywa okufanayo kweenkozo zesanti, kunye namandla aqinileyo okubumba. I-bentonite powder ecociweyo emva koko ivavanywa kwiimpawu eziphambili kubandakanya i-dumbing index, amandla okubopha, umxholo womswakama, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu, kunye neebhetshi kuphela ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zomgangatho ezivunyiweyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-foundry. Olu lawulo lomgangatho olungqongqo luqinisekisa ukuba yonke ibhetshi ye-bentonite powder inika ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, ivumela ii-foundries ukuba zigcine iinkqubo zemveliso ezizinzileyo kwaye zinciphise iziphene zokubumba.
Ukuphathwa kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kwe-bentonite powder kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kwayo kwiindawo zokufakela izinto, njengoko ungcoliseko lomswakama kunye nokonakala komzimba kunokuphazamisa iimpawu zayo zokudumba kunye nokubopha. I-Bentonite powder kufuneka igcinwe kwiindawo zokugcina izinto ezomileyo, ezinomoya ococekileyo, ivalwe kwiphakheji engangeni kumswakama ukuthintela ukuvezwa kumswakama, imvula, kunye nokuchitheka kwamanzi. Ukufunxwa komswakama okugqithisileyo kubangela ukuba i-bentonite powder iqokelele, kunciphisa ukusasazeka kwayo kwimixube yesanti kunye nokunciphisa amandla okubumba. Ngexesha lokuthuthwa, i-bentonite powder kufuneka ikhuselwe ekonakaleni komzimba ekupakishweni, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-powder ihlala ingena kwaye kulula ukuyixuba. Ii-Foundries zihlala zigcina i-bentonite powder kwiimeko ezilawulwayo kufutshane neendawo zokufakela izinto, ziqinisekisa ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kwaye zigcina umgangatho wayo de isetyenziswe. Ukulandela imigaqo efanelekileyo yokugcina kuqinisekisa ukuba i-bentonite powder igcina iimpawu zayo ezipheleleyo zokusebenza, inikezela ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kokubopha ngalo lonke ixesha ixutywa kwisanti yokufakela izinto.
Inkqubo yokuxuba i-bentonite powder kunye nesanti ye-silica, amanzi, kunye nezinye izongezo linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yokwenziwa kwesanti, elichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho womxube wesanti eluhlaza kunye neziphumo ezilandelayo zokuphosa. I-Bentonite powder kufuneka ixutywe ngokulinganayo nesanti eyomileyo kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukusasazwa ngokulinganayo, kulandele ukongezwa kancinci kwamanzi ukuze kusebenze iipropati zokudumba kunye nokubopha komgubo. Ukuxuba kakhulu okanye ukuxuba ngaphantsi kunokukhokelela ekubeni amandla okubumba angahambelani, kunye ne-bentonite powder engaxutywanga kakuhle engabophi amasuntswana esanti ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ukuxuba kakhulu kunokubangela ukuxinana okugqithisileyo kunye nokuncipha kokungena kwesanti. Ii-foundries zanamhlanje zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokuxuba isanti ezenzekelayo ukuqinisekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwixesha lokuxuba, isantya, kunye nomlinganiselo wezithako, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-bentonite powder kunye nokuvelisa iibhetshi zesanti eluhlaza ezihlala zihleli.
Ngamafutshane, i-bentonite powder imele njengelitye lesiseko elibalulekileyo kushishino lwehlabathi lwe-foundry, isebenza njenge-arhente eyintloko yokubopha i-green sand molding kwaye ivumela ukuveliswa kwe-metal castings esemgangathweni ophezulu ngempumelelo nangendlela efanelekileyo. Udibaniso lwayo olulodwa lomthamo oqinileyo wokubopha, iipropati ezibalaseleyo zokudumba, uzinzo lobushushu, ukungena okulinganayo, kunye nokugoqeka okuphezulu kwenza ukuba ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezinzima ze-ferrous kunye ne-non-ferrous metal casting. Ukusuka kwi-foundries ezincinci zobugcisa ukuya kwi-automated facilities ezinkulu, i-bentonite powder idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni inqanaba ngalinye lenkqubo yokubhaka, ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wokubhaka, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza.
Udongwe olusebenzayo luyi-adsorbent eyenziwe ngodongwe (ikakhulu i-bentonite) njengezinto eziluhlaza, oluphathwa yi-inorganic acidification, emva koko luhlanjwe luze lomiswe ngamanzi. Lubonakala luyi-milk white powder, alunavumba, alunancasa, alunatyhefu, lunamandla okufunxa, kwaye lunokufunxa izinto ezinemibala kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Kulula ukufunxa umswakama emoyeni. Ukuba lubekwe ixesha elide kakhulu, ukusebenza kwalo kokufunxa kuya kuncipha. Nangona kunjalo, xa lufudunyezwa ngaphezu kwama-300 ℃, amanzi ekristale aya kulahleka, nto leyo eya kutshintsha isakhiwo kwaye ichaphazele isiphumo sokunyamalala. Udongwe olusebenzayo alunyibiliki emanzini, kwizinyibilikisi zendalo kunye neeoyile ezahlukeneyo, phantse lunyibilika ngokupheleleyo kwi-caustic soda kunye ne-hydrochloric acid, ngobuninzi obuyi-2.3-2.5, kunye ne-bentonite encinci emanzini nakwioyile.
Ipropati yodongwe esebenzayo
1. Inezibonelelo zokufunxa ngamandla, izinga eliphezulu lokutshintsha umbala, izinga eliphantsi lokuthwala ioyile, isantya sokucoca esikhawulezayo kunye nokongeza okuncinci;
2. Ingasusa ngempumelelo i-phospholipid iyonke, isepha kunye nee-ion zesinyithi ezincinci zeoyile kwaye ingasetyenziswa njenge-antioxidant yendalo;
3. Ingasusa i-aflatoxin, intsalela yezibulali-zinambuzane kunye nezinye iityhefu kunye nezinto ezinevumba elingaqhelekanga kwioyile;
4. Emva kokutshintsha umbala, ixabiso le-asidi yeoyile alinyuki, alibuyeli kumbala, licacile kwaye liyabonakala, kwaye linomgangatho ozinzileyo kwaye lihlala ixesha elide.
5. Ilungele ngokukodwa ukucocwa nokuveliswa kweoyile yeminerali, ioyile yemifuno kunye neoyile yezilwanyana.
Uphawu lodongwe olusebenzayo
1. Umhlaba omhlophe wenziwe ngodongwe olucocekileyo nolungenasinyithi olukumgangatho ophezulu lwe-attapulgite njengezinto eziphambili ezisetyenzisiweyo, oluncediswa yifomyula yesayensi kwaye lucocwe ngetekhnoloji yokucubungula ekhethekileyo. Ubonakala njengomgubo omhlophe ongwevu okanye otyheli okhanyayo, oluyeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo endaweni ye-activated carbon.
2. Umhlaba okhupha umbala uneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokususa umbala, amandla amakhulu okususa umbala, amandla aqinileyo okufunxa nokucoca, kunye namandla aqinileyo okufunxa imibala kunye nokungcola.
3. Umhlaba wokufunxa uzinzile kakhulu xa usetyenziswa, kwaye kulula kakhulu kwaye kukhuselekile ukuwusebenzisa, ngaphandle kokutshintsha inkqubo yokuqala yokuvelisa yeshishini lemveliso.
4. Ikhekhe lesihluzo elihluzwe ngomhlaba otyhidiweyo linokusetyenziswa kwakhona ngaphandle kongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.
5. Umhlaba okhupha umbala unesantya esiphezulu sokutshintsha umbala, isantya esiphantsi sokuthwala ioyile, isantya sokucoca esikhawulezayo kunye nomxholo ophantsi we-asidi ekhululekileyo.
Iphakheji
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